Science- Cells, Anatomy, And Division

Front 1

Cell

Back 1

The structural and functional unit of all living things. It is a very complex entity.

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Three major regions of the cell:

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The nucleus, the plasma membrane, and the cytoplasm.

Front 3

Nucleus

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Often described as the control center of the cell and is necessary for cell reproduction.

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Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

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Membranous system of tubules that extends throughout the cytoplasm.

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Rough ER

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Rough and granular- studded with ribosomes, provide an area of storage and transport of the proteins to other cell areas; external face synthesizes phospholipids and etholesterol.

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Smooth ER

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Smooth or agranular ER- no protein synthesis- related function (a site of steroid and lipid synthesis, lipid metabolism and drug detoxification).

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Lysosomes

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Various sized membranous sacs containing powerful digestive enzymes; function to digest worn-out cell organelles and foreign substances that enter the cell; since they have the capacity of total cell destruction if ruptured, they are referred to as "suicide sacs of the cell"

Front 8

Mitochondria

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Generally rod shaped- double membrane wall; inner membrand thrown into folds or cristae- contain enzymes that oxidize foodstuffs to produce cellular energy. ATP- Often referred to as "Powerhouses of the cell"

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Mitosis

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Nuclear division

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Cytokinesis

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The division of the cytoplasm

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Prophase

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Chromatin coils and condenses, forming chromosomes

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Anaphase

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The chromosomes (chromatids) are V-shaped

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Metaphase

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Chromosomes line up in the center of the cell

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Telephase

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cleavage furrow forms

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Ribosomes

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Tiny spherical bodies composed of RNA and protein; actual sites of protein synthesis; floating free or attached to a membranous structure (the rough ER) in the Cytoplasm.