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26 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
cells are made up of primarily four elements:
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen
_________carry out all chemical activities
cells!
cells are about ______% water
60%
cells vary in length
2 micrometers to 3 feet
possible cell shapes
disk
threadlike
pointed
cubelike
3 main regions of the cell
cytoplasm, plasma membrane, nucleus
nucleus: function
control center-- contains instructions for controlling the body
necessary for cell reproduction
nucleus: structure
nuclear envelope, nucleoli, chromatin
nuclear envelope: (nuclear membrane)
--semi-permeable phospholipid bilayer
--nuclear pores
nucleoli
sites where the ribosomes are assembled before they migrate to the cytoplasm
chromatin
composed of DNA and protein; condense to form chromosomes when the cell divides; runs throughout the cell
plasma membrane:structure
phospholipid bilayer: semi-permeable--> phosphate hydrophilic heads and lipid hydrophobic tails
plasma membrane: function
contains the cell contents and separates them from the surrounding enviornment
function of proteins scattered in plasma membrane
hormone receptors, binding sites, transporting
specializations of the plasma membrane
microvilli, membrane junctions-- tight, desmosomes, gap
membrane junctions
desmosomes, gap, tight
microvilli:
fingerlike projections that increase the surface area of the cell for absorbtion
tight junctions:
bind cells to other cells--> hold cells together
desmosomes
anchor the cells together-- last resort stick
gap junctions
allow communication between cells
cytoplasm consists of three main elements
cytosol, organelles, inclusions
cytosol:
fluid that suspends other elements
organelles
machinery of the cell
inclusions
non-functioning units: wastes, electrolytes--chemical substances that may or may not be needed
cytoplasmic organelles:
mitochondria, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi aparatus, lysosomes, peroxisomes, cytoskeleton, centrioles
mitochondria:
sausage shaped--> provide ATP for cellular energy