Anatomy& Physiology: Cells And Tissues

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Cell

Back 1

The unit, or building block, of all living things, plants and animals alike.
Discovered by Rovert Hooke in the late 1600s.

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Electrolytes

Back 2

Metals, in their ionic form, that carry an electrical charge.

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Interstitial Fluid

Back 3

A dilute saltwater solution, which is derived from the blood, that bathes the cells of the body.

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Generalized Cell

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The typical structure of a cell consisting of the Nucleus, Cytoplasm, and a Plasma Membrane.

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Nucleus

Back 5

The control center of a cell.
It contains the genes.

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Deoxyribonucleic Acid
(DNA)

Back 6

Genetic material that contains all the instructions for building the human body.
It is absolutely necessary for cell reproduction.

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Proteins

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A complex nitrogenous substance.
The main building material of cells.

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Nuclear Envelope
(Nuclear Membrane)

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A double membrane barrier that bounds the nucleus.

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Nucleoplasm

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A jellylike fluid, which is enclosed by the nuclear membrane, in which the nucleoli and chromatin are suspended.

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Nucleoli

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Small spherical bodies in the cell nucleus.
They function in ribosome synthesis.

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Chromatin

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A loose network of bumpy threads of DNA and proteins that is scattered throughout the nucleus.

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Chromosomes

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Dense, rodlike bodies created by coiled chromatin when a cell divides into two daughter cells.

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Plasma Membrane

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A fragile, transparent barrier that contains the cell contents and separates them from the surrounding environment.

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Hydropholic/Hydrophobic

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"Water loving"/"Water hating"

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Microvilli

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Tiny fingerlike projections that greatly increase the cell's surface area for absorption.

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Tight (Membrane) Junctions

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Impermeable junctions that bind cells together into leakproof sheets that prevent substances from passing through the extracellular space between cells.

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Desmosomes

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Anchoring junctions that prevent cells subjected to mechanical stress from being pulled apart.

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Gap Junctions

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Junctions that function mainly to allow communication by permitting nutrients to pass directly from one cell to another.

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Connexons

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Hollow cylinders that are composed of proteins that span the entire width of the abutting membranes.

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Cytoplasm

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The cellular material outside the nucleus and inside the plasma membrane.

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Cytosol

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The semitransparent fluid that suspends the other elements in cytoplasm.

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Organelles

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The metabolic machinery of the cell.
Each is "engineered" to carry out a specific function for the cell.

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Inclusions

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These are not functioning units, but instead are chemical substances that may or may not be present in each cell.
For example, they store fat droplets in fat cells and pigments such as melanin in skin cells.

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Mitochondria

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Tiny, threadlike organelles that are responsible for ATP generation for cellular activities.

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Ribosomes

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Tiny, round, dark bodies made of proteins and are the actual sites of protein synthesis in the cell.