Science 9 Chapter 11 Final Exam Review Preparation

Front 1

What is a star?

Back 1

a spherical object in space made up of hot gases that radiates energy

Front 2

What is interstellar matter?

Back 2

between stars, made up of gas (mostly hydrogen) and dust (1% of mass)

Front 3

How can we detect wavelengths that is not visible through interstellar dust?

Back 3

using radio and infrared telescopes

Front 4

What are the three stages for the birth of a star?

Back 4

nebula, protostar, star

Front 5

How is a star formed in a nebula?

Back 5

1. gravity acts on it and pulls gas and dust together
2. material collapses in on itself and mass increases; heat and pressure build and a warm core begins to form
3. a protostar is formed

Front 6

Why would a protostar never become a full star?

Back 6

because the mass is low

Front 7

What happens when the mass is high?

Back 7

1. nuclei of hydrogen atoms fuse to form helium atoms
2. an enormous amount of energy is released
3. star begins to glow, radiating energy in the form of EM waves

Front 8

What are properties of low mass stars?

Back 8

1. start small and exist as dim, cool red dwarfs
2. burn hydrogen fuel slowly
3. have a lifespan of approximate ly 100 billion years
4. eventually become very hot, small, dim, white dwarfs, which burn out quietly

Front 9

What are properties of intermediate mass stars?

Back 9

1. similar in mass to the Sun
2. burn hydrogen fuel faster than low mass stars
3. have a lifespan of about 10 billion years
4. long period of instability leads them to becoming a red giant
5. the red giant sheds material into space and collapses in on itself; shrinks into a small, dim white dwarf, then cools into a black dwarf (dense body of carbon and oxygen)

Front 10

What are properties of high mass stars?

Back 10

1. mass is equal to or above 12 solar masses
2. burn hydrogen fuel the fastest out of the 3 types of stars
3. have a lifespan of approximately 7 billion years
4. become a red giant, then, after consuming all of its fuel, a supergiant
5. collapse in on themselves in a violent explosion - supernova
6. spread carbon, hydrogen and oxygen through space

Front 11

When will a neutron star form?

Back 11

when the initial mass is 12 - 15 solar masses

Front 12

How does a neutron star form?

Back 12

the core of the supernova will collapse in on itself to form a neutron star

Front 13

What does a spinning neutron star send out?

Back 13

regular pulses of radiation called a pulsar

Front 14

When will a black hole form?

Back 14

when the initial mass is 25 or more solar masses

Front 15

How does a black hole form and what are its characteristics?

Back 15

1. forms after collapsing as a supernova
2. has an enormous gravitational pull
3. light cannot escape its gravity

Front 16

What is the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram?

Back 16

1. shows that stars follow evolutionary stages
2. shows the relationship between luminosity and temperature

Front 17

What percentage of stars are main sequence stars?

Back 17

90%

Front 18

What are properties of main sequence stars?

Back 18

1. are undergoing nuclear fusion to convert hydrogen and helium
2. when fuel runs out, they leave the main sequence, expand and undergo changes in colour, luminosity and temperature
3. older stars leave the main sequence

Front 19

In a star, what is the indication of its temperature?

Back 19

its colour

Front 20

What does a stars spectral lines indicate?

Back 20

which wavelengths have been absorbed by the gases that make up the star

Front 21

What is a spectroscope used for?

Back 21

analyzing a stars movement

Front 22

Name the planet order relative to the distance from Sun

Back 22

Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune

Front 23

What is Earth's rotation?

Back 23

0.5 km/s

Front 24

What is Earth's revolution?

Back 24

30km/s

Front 25

What is Earth's orbit around the sun?

Back 25

elliptical (flattened circles)

Front 26

What are asteroids?

Back 26

small bodies that are believed to be leftover remains of the formation of the solar system

Front 27

What is a comet?

Back 27

a small body made up of rocky material and ice that occurs in the Kuiper belt and the Oort cloud; when a comet is bumped into the inner solar system, the Sun's light may make the comet's tail visible from Earth

Front 28

What are moons?

Back 28

celestial bodies that orbit a planet

Front 29

What is the Oort cloud?

Back 29

a spherical cloud of small icy fragments of debris

Front 30

Where is the majority of the sun's mass located?

Back 30

centre of our solar system, sun makes up 99% of the mass

Front 31

What are features of the sun?

Back 31

solar prominences, sunspots, solar flares, (solar wind)

Front 32

What are layers of the sun?

Back 32

corona, chromosphere, photosphere