Sampling

Front 1

Why do we use sampling?

Back 1

To take a measure of something without using the entire thing.

Front 2

Sample definition

Back 2

A relatively small part of a whole, which can tell us about that whole.

Front 3

(Altmann 1974) Ad libitum sampling

Back 3

Monitors all activities over a long time. A lot of information but can be situational.

Front 4

(Altmann 1974) Focal Sampling

Back 4

All occurrences of specified actions of one individual is recorded over a time period.

Front 5

(Altmann 1974) All-occurrence sampling

Back 5

Focuses on a behavior rather than an individual. e.g. complaint rate at a help desk. Used to measure rate of occurrence.

Front 6

(Altmann 1974) Instantaneous or Scan sampling

Back 6

Subject's activities recorded at predetermined instances. Measure a percentage of time doing certain activity.

Front 7

T.E.A.

Back 7

Terminal Education age.

Front 8

Examples of social classification.

Back 8

TEA
Occupation
Educational attainment
Family stage
Social Standing
income

Front 9

(Rose and O'Reilly 1998) What are the 3 types of people in the work force?

Back 9

Employers
Self-Employed Employers
Employees.

Front 10

Labour Contract

Back 10

Short term, easily terminated.

Front 11

Service relationship

Back 11

Long term, security.

Front 12

How are UK social classes divided?

Back 12

A - Upper Middle (High manager, professional)
B
C1
C2
D
E - Lowest levels of subsistence. (Pensioners)

Front 13

Does the buyer always use the product?

Back 13

Non

Front 14

A good sample can...

Back 14

Sufficiently and coherently articulate it's knowledge and perceptions on the topic.

Front 15

One way to get a good sample?

Back 15

Replicate the screening process used on similar studies.

Front 16

First stage of sampling

Back 16

Examine the objective of the study.

Front 17

Second stage of sampling

Back 17

Define the people of interest

Front 18

Third Stage of Sampling

Back 18

Find suitable source for population

Front 19

Fourth stage of sampling

Back 19

Decide on sampling type and approach

Front 20

Fifth stage of sampling

Back 20

Decide sample size.

Front 21

Sixth stage of sampling.

Back 21

Proceed with fieldwork.

Front 22

Final stage of sampling

Back 22

Correct sampling errors.

Front 23

What must a sampling frame be like?

Back 23

Up to date, affordable, easy to use (versatile software)

Front 24

Where can electoral register be accessed?

Back 24

www.192.com

Front 25

Benefits of using electoral register?

Back 25

Large.
Can be accessed online.
Made of individuals.

Searches can be made by relationships.

Front 26

Where can sample files be found from?

Back 26

Postcode address files, Telephone directories, customer records, electoral register, membership lists, subscribers, list brokers.

Front 27

Negatives of using electoral register

Back 27

-Can be outdated.
-2002 people could opt-out. 32% in 2005.

-People don't register to vote to escape the poll tax.

Front 28

Benefits of using postcode address file PAF in sample framing.

Back 28

-Huge, 28 million households.

-Can be accessed online.

-Very powerful.

-Can distinguish from domestic and non-domestic addresses.

Front 29

Distinctions of using telephone directories in sample framing.

Back 29

-Cheap

-Sometimes not competely correct.

-Mainly for B2B or industrial.

Front 30

Distinctions of Probability sampling.

Back 30

Expensive
Objective
Response rate isn't always high.

Reliable.

Front 31

Distinctions of Non-probability sampling

Back 31

-Uses human judgement

-Subject to errors

-Subjective.

Front 32

Simple random sampling

Back 32

An equal probability of any element being selected. May not be representative.

Front 33

Stratified sampling.

Back 33

A modified version of simple random sampling to make it more representative.

Front 34

Systematic random sampling

Back 34

Random starting point, then person chosen after predetermined intervals.

GGGGGGGGGGGGGG

Front 35

What does Kish 1965 advise

Back 35

Interviewing person at the door not representative. Interview a predesignated member of the family after obtaining info about the household.

Front 36

Different types of random sampling.

Back 36

1. Simple random
2. Systematic
3. Stratified random
4. Cluster

Front 37

Cluster sampling

Back 37

Population is divided into sub populations and then a random sample is collected.

Front 38

Bad points of cluster sampling

Back 38

The most clusters, the higher the chance of sampling error.

Front 39

Quota Sampling

Back 39

Researcher makes subjective decision on what people are useful and interview them.

Front 40

Judgement sampling

Back 40

Choosing who might be best for the study.

Front 41

Convenience sampling

Back 41

Studies those who are easily available. Cheap and quick, but not necessarily reliable.

Front 42

Snowball sample

Back 42

Asking people if they know someone who fits the criteria and going from there. Depends on first point of call's ability to recall.

Front 43

Benefits of using online research.

Back 43

Can more easily access those with high resistance to other research. Business people with gate keepers. Young people.

Front 44

Flaws of online research.

Back 44

Participant can't be identified.

Front 45

Should a focus group have a diverse mix of people?

Back 45

No, some groups do not debate well with eachother and respondents should be similar.

Front 46

What affects the sample size?

Back 46

The required precision
The size and nature of the people under study
Time, budget available.
Importance of the results.

Front 47

How big should a qualitative study project be?

Back 47

It should keep going until there is no new information. A non-fixed ballpark should be made.
Similar studies can be used as a benchmark

Front 48

How big should a quantitative study be?

Back 48

industry standards, budget, calculation method. NOT IN PROPORTION TO THE POPULATION. Contentedness with 'indicative data.'