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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Function of circulatory and respiratory systems |
deliver nutrients and remove waste |
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In unicellular organisms exchange is done |
directly with the environment normally through diffusion |
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In multiclelluar organisms exchange is done |
without direct exchange, exchange with the environment is not possible |
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Basic components of a circulatory system |
a circulatory fluid a set of tubes and a muscular pump |
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Insects have a _______ exchange system |
open the blood bathes the organ directly |
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Earthworms have a _______ circulatory system |
closed the blood is confined to blood vessels |
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Vertebrates cardiovascular system contains |
heart, arteries, capillaries veins |
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Be able to follow pathways |
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Blood Pressure- What do the systoloic/diastolic readings mean |
sys-arteries during systole dia- pressure during ventricular lower |
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Blood and function |
a connective tissue with cells suspended in plasma, and functions as a transport of nutrients, excretory products, gases, hormones coagulation, heat transfer from deeper tissue to the surface |
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Why do we need O2? |
To make ATP, unless they use anaerobic respiration |
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P. Factors |
The % of O2 available, specialized gas exchnage surfaces, special adaptations |
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Which organisms respirate without specialized organisms |
Single cells organisms or things like sponges, cnidarians, flat worms where they exchange gases directly with their environment |
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Basic design of respiratory system |
Tracheal system, gills, lungs and skin |
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How does the lungs move |
Through the diaphragm, inhalation contraction the diaphragm moves down, when exhaling diaphragm relaxes and moves up. These movements cause changes in pressure. |
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What controls autonomic breathing? |
Pons and Medulla the sensors in the aorta or carotid arteries measue the pH in blood caused by CO2 (more CO2 more acidic) and that triggers faster breathing |
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What is hemorglobin and what is it made of |
Made of 4 polypeptides, it has 4 heme groups (made of iron) each hemoglobin carries 4 o2 at saturation. A single blood cell has millions of hemoglobin` |
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CO2 transport in blood |
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Fetus hemoglobin is different than Mom, more saturated with o2 than mom. |
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Be able to give response to body to acidosis (pH lower than 7.35 |
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Know the system |
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Tidal volume |
amount if air leaving or entering or leaving lungs during normal breathing
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expiratory reserve volume |
amount if air expired beyond tidal volume with forced expiration |
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inspirator reserve volume |
amount of air inspired beyond tidal volume with forced inspiration |
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residual volume |
the volume of air that cannot be exhales from the lungs |
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vital capacity |
the max amount if air exhaled with force after a maximum inspiration |
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Lactic acid released from muscles lowers the pH in the blood. How migh this affect the dissociation of oxygen from hemoglobin? |
This would allow for less oxygen to bing to hemoglobin because when it is more acidic , more oxyegn would need to be taken iin and it would make it easier to dissociate. |
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Compare gas exchnage in the following organisms: Grasshopper, fish, flatworm, and spider |
G-Tracheal system fi- fills and water, remeber gills do concurrent gas exchange fl-water through skin spider-book lungs |
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How does alveolar air differ in o2 composition than atmospheric air? |
Alveolar air consists of a lower composiostion of O2 and allows for the higher comp. atmospheric air to go down conc. gradient to get more O2 into alveoli. |
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Lung partial pressures |
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