Public Speaking Chapters 5-12

Front 1

Observable characteristics of listeners, including age, gender, educational level, group affiliations, and sociocultural backgrounds

Back 1

audience demographics

Front 2

the motivations, attitudes, beliefs, and values that influence the behavior of listeners

Back 2

audience dynamics

Front 3

feelings we have developed toward specific kinds of subjects

Back 3

attitudes

Front 4

What we know or think we know about subjects

Back 4

beliefs

Front 5

the moral principles that suggest hew we should behave or what we see as an ideal state of being

Back 5

values

Front 6

generalized pictures of a race, gender, or group that supposedly represent its essential characteristics

Back 6

stereotypes

Front 7

the tendency of any nation, race, religion, or group to believe that its way of looking at the doing things is right and that other perspectives have less value

Back 7

ethnocentrism

Front 8

allowing gender stereotypes to control interactions with members of the opposite sex

Back 8

sexism

Front 9

generalizations based on oversimplified or outmoded assumptions about gender roles

Back 9

gender stereotyping

Front 10

making gender references in situations in which the gender is unknown or irrelevant, or using masculine nouns or pronouns when the intended references is to both sexes

Back 10

sexist language

Front 11

an indirect form of racism that employs code words and subtle, unspoken contrast to suggest that one race is superior to another

Back 11

symbolic racism

Front 12

the effect of previous speeches or other situational factors in predisposing an audience to respond positively or negatively to a speech

Back 12

preliminary tuning effect

Front 13

phase of the process of finding speech topics that identifies large topic areas

Back 13

discovery phase

Front 14

phase of the process of finding speech topics that involves the close examination of large topic areas to identify more precise topics that might be developed

Back 14

exploration phase

Front 15

identifying the general and specific purposes of a speech topic and framing its thesis statement

Back 15

refinement phase

Front 16

technique that encourages the free play of the mind

Back 16

brainstorming

Front 17

probe questions used to stimulate the mind during topic exploration, centering on places, people, activities, things, events, ideas, values, problems, and campus concerns

Back 17

topoi of topic discovery

Front 18

visual display of a speaker's interests, as prompted by certain probe questions

Back 18

interest chart

Front 19

a means of determing possible speech topics by listing topics you find interesting and subjects your audience finds interesting, and then matching them

Back 19

topic area inventory chart

Front 20

sources such as newspaper, magazines, and the electronic media that can suggest ideas for speech topic

Back 20

media prompts

Front 21

changes customary patterns of thinking in order to free our minds for creative exploration

Back 21

mind mapping

Front 22

using questions often employed by journals to explore topic possibilities for speeches

Back 22

topic analysis

Front 23

the speakers overall intention to inform or persuade listeners, or to celebrate some person or occasion

Back 23

general purpose

Front 24

the speaker's particular goal or the responses that the speaker wishes to evoke

Back 24

specific purpose

Front 25

sometimes called the "central idea", it summarizes in a single sentence the message of your speech

Back 25

thesis statement

Front 26

prospectus for a speech or series of speeches you propose to give

Back 26

topic briefing

Front 27

the skills one needs to locate information efficiently and to evaluate what on learns

Back 27

information literacy

Front 28

an understanding of the major features, issues, information, latest developments, and local applications relevant to a topic

Back 28

responsible knowledge

Front 29

an internet search engine that allows you to enter a key-word and find related web sites.

Back 29

general search engine

Front 30

a search engine that combines the results from several general search engines

Back 30

metasearch engine

Front 31

an organized list of links to web sites on specific topic

Back 31

subject directory

Front 32

high-quality databases generally not included in the search conducted by general or meta search engines

Back 32

invisible web

Front 33

techniques that can help one limit or expand research on the internet

Back 33

boolean search

Front 34

a web site whose major purpose is to change attitudes or behavior

Back 34

advocacy web site

Front 35

a website designed to proved factual information or a subject

Back 35

information website

Front 36

a website designed and maintained by an individual; contains whatever that person wishes to place on it

Back 36

personal web site

Front 37

criterion for evaluating the credentials or the author

Back 37

authority

Front 38

criterion for evaluating the correctness of information by checking it against other information

Back 38

accuracy

Front 39

criterion for evaluating whether or not a source is free from bias

Back 39

objectivity

Front 40

criterion for evaluating whether or not the information of a web site is up to date

Back 40

currency

Front 41

criterion for evaluating the breath of information on a topic

Back 41

coverage

Front 42

questions that ask someone being interviewed to elaborate on response

Back 42

probes

Front 43

questions that repeat part of a previous response to encourage further discussion

Back 43

mirror questions

Front 44

a statement by an interviewer confirming the meaning of what has just been said by the person being interviewed

Back 44

verifier

Front 45

a comment or action that encourages further communication from someone being interviewed

Back 45

reinforcer

Front 46

record kept or the author, title, place and date of publication, and page references for each research source

Back 46

source cards

Front 47

research notes on facts and ideas obtained from an article or book

Back 47

information cards