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What is Psychopharmacology?

- the study of effects of drugs on the nervous system & behaviour

What is an "agonist"?

a drug that facilitates the effect of a particular neurotransmitter on the post-synaptic cell

What is an "antagonist"?

a drug that inhibits the effect of a particular neurotransmitter on the post-synaptic cell

A drug can be only either agonist or antagonist?

No. There are drugs which can act as either agonist or antagonist depending on the dosage.



eg. apomorphine (effect on dopamine production & uptake)

What are the most common neurotransmitters in the brain?

- Glutamate,


- GABA (Gamma-Aminobutyric acid)

How many glutamate receptor types are there & what are they?

1) NMDA,


2) kainate,


3) AMPA,


4) metabotropic glutamate receptors

How many GABA receptor types are there & what are they?

1) GABA [a] - ionotropic,


2) GABA [b] - metabotropic.

What are the other Neurotransmitter systems, except for glutamate-GABA?

1) Acetylcholine (ACl);


2) Dopamine system;


3) Noradrenergic system;


4) Serotinergic system.

Neurotransmitter systems act independently of one another.


True/False?

False. There is a strong interaction going on between the neurotransmitter systems.



eg. in hippocampus neurons are modulated by ACl & dopamine systems.

What is neuromodulation?

The alteration of activity of multiple neurons through targeted electrical/chemical stimulation within a small brain area.