Neurotransmitters are the chemical messengers’ comprising of multiple endogenous chemicals allowing neurotransmission across synapses. During the neurotransmission a chemical is released from the axon terminal of a presynaptic neuron fabricating millions of synaptic connections that play a major role in modelling everyday activities.
Through the process of staining and stimulations in experiments, researchers have now identified more than 100 unique chemical messenger types which can further be classified in several ways as such- amino acids, gasotransmitters, monoamines, trace amines, peptides, purines etc.
However, in my paper I would like to mainly focus on the most prevalent neurotransmitter “Glutamate” which is responsible for postsynaptic …show more content…
Too much activation of glutamate receptors by excitatory amino acids fosters a lot of consequences that include impairment of calcium buffering, generation of free radicals, activation of the mitochondrial permeability transition and secondary excitotoxicity. (2)
Glutamate also functions as a synthesizer for GABA in the brain regulating neuronal excitability throughout the body. Generally, the glutamate tries to form a connection provoking a reaction that is excitatory and is later appeased by the GABA. Overstimulation of the glutamate receptors induces neurodegeneration i.e. death of neurons and could also be responsible for neuronal damage through a process called excitotoxicity. Hence, it is very crucial for both the glutamate and GABA inhibitors to balance each other.
Recent reviews embroil excitotoxicity in an assortment of neuropathological conditions, proposing that neurodegenerative illnesses with particular hereditary etiologies may share excitotoxicity as a typical pathogenic pathway. In this way, understanding the pathways required in excitotoxicity is quite significant for the future clinical treatment of numerous neurodegenerative
Through the process of staining and stimulations in experiments, researchers have now identified more than 100 unique chemical messenger types which can further be classified in several ways as such- amino acids, gasotransmitters, monoamines, trace amines, peptides, purines etc.
However, in my paper I would like to mainly focus on the most prevalent neurotransmitter “Glutamate” which is responsible for postsynaptic …show more content…
Too much activation of glutamate receptors by excitatory amino acids fosters a lot of consequences that include impairment of calcium buffering, generation of free radicals, activation of the mitochondrial permeability transition and secondary excitotoxicity. (2)
Glutamate also functions as a synthesizer for GABA in the brain regulating neuronal excitability throughout the body. Generally, the glutamate tries to form a connection provoking a reaction that is excitatory and is later appeased by the GABA. Overstimulation of the glutamate receptors induces neurodegeneration i.e. death of neurons and could also be responsible for neuronal damage through a process called excitotoxicity. Hence, it is very crucial for both the glutamate and GABA inhibitors to balance each other.
Recent reviews embroil excitotoxicity in an assortment of neuropathological conditions, proposing that neurodegenerative illnesses with particular hereditary etiologies may share excitotoxicity as a typical pathogenic pathway. In this way, understanding the pathways required in excitotoxicity is quite significant for the future clinical treatment of numerous neurodegenerative