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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Soma
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The body of a neuron cell.
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Dendrite
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A short branched extension of a nerve cell, along which impulses received from other cells at synapses are transmitted to the cell body.
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Nucleus
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A dense organelle present in most eukaryotic cells, typically a single rounded structure bounded by a double membrane, containing the genetic material.
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Axon
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The long threadlike part of a nerve cell along which impulses are conducted from the cell body to other cells.
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Myelin Sheath
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A mixture of proteins and phospholipids around many nerve fibers, increasing the speed at which impulses are conducted.
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Synapse
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A junction between two nerve cells, consisting of a minute gap across which impulses pass by diffusion of a neurotransmitter.
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Neurotransmitter
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A chemical substance that is released at the end of a nerve fiber by the arrival of a nerve impulse and, by diffusing across the synapse or junction, causes the transfer of the impulse to another nerve fiber, a muscle fiber, or some other structure.
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Acetylcholine (ACh)
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Neurotransmitter that activates muscles and calms.
+: Tremors - : Paralysis |
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Dopamine
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Neurotransmitter that controls sleep and higher brain functions.
+: Schizophrenia - : Parkinson's Disease |
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Serotonin
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Neurotransmitter that regulates feelings of well-being and happiness.
- : Depression |
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Pons
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A structure in the brain stem that regulates sleep and lower, semiconscious functions.
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Medulla
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A structure in the brain stem that regulates unconscious functions.
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Cerebellum
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A structure at the base of the brain that controls motor functions.
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Occipital Lobe
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A structure at the back of the brain that controls and processes sight.
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Temporal Lobe
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A structure at the bottom of the brain that controls audio perception and assists with long-term memory creation.
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Parietal Lobe
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A structure at the top rear of the brain that processes sensory input and creates spacial conception.
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Frontal Lobe
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A structure at the front of the brain involved in higher mental functions, such as cause and effect, moral judgement, and self-control.
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Broca's Area
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A region near the front of the brain with functions linked to speech production.
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Wernicke's Area
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A region near the back of the brain with functions linked to speech comprehension.
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Corpus Callosum
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A wide, flat bundle of neural fibers that connects the left and right halves of the brain together and allows them to communicate.
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