Psychology Of Human Sexuality Test 1

Front 1

Three Parts of Gender

Back 1

1. Physical/biological/anatomical sex

2. Gender Expression (external)

3. Gender Identity (internal)

Front 2

4 Factors of Sex

Back 2

1. Chromosomes (XX, XY)

2. Hormones (relative amount after puberty)

3. Internal Genitalia (Ovaries, testes, vagina, etc.)

4. External Genitalia (vulva, penis, scrotum, etc)

Front 3

Gender Expression

Back 3

masculinity/femininity

Changes over time and is different between cultures

Front 4

Gender Identity

Back 4

Man/Woman or other

Usually voiced between 2 and 5 years

Front 5

Stage 1 of Sex Differentiation

Back 5

Chromosomes.

Determined at conception.

Sperm provides physical sex

Y smaller than X

Front 6

Stage 2 of Sex Differentiation

Back 6

Gonads which determine hormones

For first 6 weeks look the same.

Front 7

Development of Gonads: Testes

Back 7

Requires presence of a functional Y chromosome.

Front 8

Development of Gonads: Ovaries

Back 8

Requires:

1. Absence of Y chromosome

2. Presence of at least 2 functional X

Front 9

Stage 3 of Sex Differentiation

Back 9

Internal Genitalia

Raw material: wolffian and mullerian ducts

Front 10

Development of internal genitalia: male-sex?

Back 10

Requires: (all produced by testes)

1. Androgens (i.e. testosterone)

2. Mullerian Inhibiting Factor

3. Inductor Substance

Stimulate development of wolffian ducts

Front 11

Development of internal genitalia: female-sex?

Back 11

Requires absence of:

1. Androgens

2. Mullerian Inhibiting factor

3. Inductor Substance

Front 12

Development of External Genitalia

Back 12

Depends on the presence or absence of dihydrotestosterone (DHT)

Present = penis/scrotum

Absent = vulva

Front 13

Sex Differentiation in Brain

Back 13

Hypothalamus, corpus callosum

Overall Size

Front 14

Intersex Condition Frequency

Back 14

1 in 2,000 births

Front 15

Turner's Syndrome

Back 15

XO Chromosome

Normal vulva (usually raised as girls)

Internal genitalia not fully developed

Do not develop breasts, have periods, or reproduce

Front 16

Klinefelder's Syndrome

Back 16

XXY

Penis/scrotum and testes at birth

Underdeveloped penis etc at puberty

Sterile with little interest in sex until prescribed testosterone

Many make a gender transition

Front 17

Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome (AIS)

Back 17

XY

Lacks receptors that respond to androgens

Ambiguous Internal Genitalia

Normal vulva.

Typically raised as female and female gender identity

Front 18

Santha Soundarajan

Back 18

Olympic athlete with Androgen Insensitivity syndrome who was stripped of medal after chromosomal testing (later returned)

Front 19

Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH)(Fetally androgenized)

Back 19

Produce excess androgen due to malfunctioning adrenal gland

Effects vary based on when the increased androgen begins and how high the levels are

May result in female internal genitalia with penis/scrotum-like external genitalia

Front 20

DHT Deficiency

Back 20

XY

Normal Vulva

At puberty, acceleated testosterone production by tests reverse DHT deficiency

Testes descend and clit enlarges into a penis

Most transition from female to male in adolescence

Front 21

Margaret Mead: Study of Munduguor

Back 21

Both sexes "masculine"

Front 22

Margaret Mead: Study of Arapesh

Back 22

Both sexes "feminine"

Front 23

Margaret Mead: Study of Tchalnbuli

Back 23

Both sexes androgynous

Front 24

% of Trans males who receive sexual reassignment

Back 24

About 10%

Front 25

% of Trans females who receive sexual reassignment

Back 25

50-60%

Front 26

3 Aspects of Sexual Orientation

Back 26

1. Attractions (erotic and romantic)

2. Behavior (who you're having sex with or wish you were having sex with)

3. Identity (L, G, B, Straight, etc.)

Front 27

Healthcare Discrimination Trans %

Back 27

70% reported previous bad experiences

Front 28

% of Trans regretting reassignment surgery

Back 28

1-2%

Front 29

% of Females that are able to orgasm from only peno-vaginal penetration

Back 29

8%

Front 30

Phalloplasty

Back 30

Construction of penis.

Not much erotic Sensation

Front 31

Vaginoplasty

Back 31

Construction of Vagina

More likely to have sensation

Front 32

Mons

Back 32

Fatty tissue at top of vulva

Front 33

Introitus

Back 33

Opening of the vagina

Front 34

Hymen

Back 34

Fold of tissue partially covering the introitus.

Virginity

Front 35

Perineum

Back 35

Space between vagina and anus

Taint

Front 36

Vagina

Back 36

Canal Extending into the body, angling upwards to the cervix/uterus

3 Separate layers of tissue

Front 37

Vaginal lubrication cause and function

Back 37

Caused by vasocongestion

Helps alkalinize the acidic chemical balance and increase enjoyment

Front 38

Grafenberg Spot (G-Spot)

Back 38

Front wall of Vagina

Front 39

Fallopian Tube

Back 39

Connects uterus to ovaries

Front 40

Menarche (age)

Back 40

First period around 9-14

Front 41

Average menstruation duration

Back 41

2-6 days

Front 42

Average cycle length

Back 42

24-42 days

Front 43

Ovulation

Back 43

Egg coming out of ovary

Occurs about 14 days before menstruation.

Alkaline lubrication

Front 44

Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder

Back 44

PMS interferes with functioning

Front 45

Dysmennorrhea

Back 45

Pain during menstruation

Front 46

Amenorrhea

Back 46

Absence of menstruation

More common in athletes and people with eating disorders

Front 47

Vaginitis

Back 47

Usually resulting from infection

Chemical balance disturbed, inflammation, swelling, soreness

Front 48

Pap Smear

Back 48

Checking cells in cervix for cancer

Front 49

Hysterectomy

Back 49

Removal of the uterus

Front 50

Oophorectomy

Back 50

Removal of the ovaries

Front 51

GLans

Back 51

Greatest concentration of nerve endings on penis

Front 52

Castration

Back 52

Removing testosterone (chemical or removal of testes)

Front 53

Corona

Back 53

Ridge of glans

Front 54

Frenulum

Back 54

Band of tissue on underside of glans

Front 55

Internal Structure of Penis

Back 55

2 Cavernous bodies on top of a spongy body

Front 56

Vas Deferens

Back 56

Carries sperm away from testes to seminal vesicles

Front 57

Semineferus Tubules

Back 57

In testes

Production of Sperm

Front 58

Seminal vesicles

Back 58

Secrte alkaline fluid rich in fructose

Connects vas deferens to ejaculatory duct in prostate

Front 59

Cowper's Gland

Back 59

Pre-cum + sperm

Front 60

Interstitial cells (Leydig Cells)

Back 60

In testes, produce androgen

Front 61

Epididymus

Back 61

In testes

Stores sperm while they mature for several weeks.

Sperm passes from testes to vas deferens here

Front 62

Cryptorchidism

Back 62

When testicles don't descend

Front 63

Vasectomy

Back 63

Disconnect of vas deferans from urethra

Front 64

Prostate Gland

Back 64

Secretes 30% of fluid released during ejaculation

Front 65

Seminal Fluid

Back 65

Comes from seminal vesicals, prostate gland

Front 66

Sperm count in single ejaculation (% as well)

Back 66

200-500 million.

1% of the fluid volume

Front 67

Emission Phase

Back 67

"point of no return"

Front 68

Expulsion Phase

Back 68

Actual Ejaculation

Front 69

Testicular cancer

Back 69

Most common malignancy in men 15-35

Front 70

Prostate Cancer

Back 70

Most frequently diagnosed cancer in men

Pain in pelvis, lower back and urinary complications