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80 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Orchiectomy |
Surgical removal of testes Physical castration |
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Testosterone |
Direct effect on libido Influences on sensitivity of genitals Less effect on sexual functioning Associated with spatial orientation / navigation skills |
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Hypogonadism |
Not enough testosterone (in men) Testes not functioning "properly" |
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Estrogen |
General sense of well-being Thickness and elasticity of vaginal lining Vaginal lubrication |
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Attached (bound) testosterone |
Inactive 95% M, 97-99% female |
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Unattached (free) testosterone |
Active (total T may be normal with free T being low) 5% M, 1-3% F |
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Normal T ranges |
M: 300-1200 ngdL F: 20-50 ng/dL |
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Effects of too much T |
W: Essentially transitions them M: T can change to E (boob growth, etc) Aggression |
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Oxytocin |
Produced in hypothalamus Facilitates breast feeding and bonding Cuddles, touch, Orgasm Stimulates contractions of uterine wall during orgasm (feelings of being in love) Children with autism typically have reduced level |
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Brain regions associated with arousal |
Limbic system: hypothalamus, amygdala, hippocampus |
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Neurotransmitters associated with arousal |
Dopamine - sexual arousal Serotonin - reduced sexual arousal/drive |
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Hypothalamus |
Electrical stimulation -> orgasm |
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Amygdala |
"naughty" feelings and aroual |
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Primary erogenous zones |
Dense concentrations of nerve ending Genitals, butt, anus, perineum, breasts, inner thighs, armpits, navel, neck, ears, mouth |
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Secondary erogenous zones |
Other (non-primary) areas of body that have taken erotic significance through sexual conditioning |
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Horny origin |
Rhinoserus horns were ground up and consumed because they thought it was an aphrodisiac |
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Drugs as Aphrodisiacs |
Lowers inhibitions Change memory of events (think it was better than it was) Cannot legally give consent |
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Anaphrodisiacs |
Inhibit sexual behavior Opiates, antidepressants, birth control pills, nicotine (vasoconstriction) |
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Kaplan's Three Stage Model of Sexual Response (not really used) |
1. Desire (not everyone experiences this before consensual sex) 2. Excitement 3. Orgasm |
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Masters and Johnson's 4-Phase Model
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1. Excitement - increased vasocongestion, myotonia (muscle contractions), heart rate, blood pressure
2. Plateau: Increase in BP, heart/breathing rate 3. Orgasm: shortest phase. Oxytocin release 4. Resolution: Return to non-excited state |
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Refractory Period |
Caused by higher levels of testosterone. |
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Female Ejaculation |
Fluid expelled through urethra
G spot stimulation Usually happens on the way to orgasm |
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Aging and Sexual Cycle (AFAB) |
1. Excitement: Lubrication takes longer and reduced, lowered vasocongestion 2. Plateau: Internal things occur less 3. Orgasm: fewer contractions, take more stimul 4. Resolution: occurs more rapidly |
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Aging and Sexual cycle (AMAB) |
1. Excitement: take longer to become erect, less firm 2. Plateau: less myotonia (muscle contraction), full erection may not occur until late here 3. Orgasm: reduced intensity and # of contractions, emission phase (no return) frequently absent 4. Resolution: occurs more rapidly, longer refractory period |
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Between group differences |
men vs women, white vs black, etc |
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Within group differences |
Differences between women, or between men, or between a race etc |
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Celibacy vs Abstinence |
Celibacy: sex only in certain contexts Abstinence: No sex at all |
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Dr. Tissot Masturbation |
"Bad for health" 1800s |
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Rev. Graham (Crackers) Masturbation |
Vital fluid loss , imbalance |
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Dr. Kellogg Masturbation |
Developed cornflakes to prevent sexual desire. Bland food as anaphrodisiac |
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Masturbation as "Intrinsically Disordered" |
Catholic Church Not allowing life to happen |
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Least common means of vulval masturbation |
Vaginal penetration |
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Harlow and Harlow (1962) monkey study |
Baby monkey not having touch had developmental problems |
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Tribadism |
Rubbing genitals together. Grinding |
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85% of gay men preferred |
Hugging, kissing, snuggling, and total body caressing more than other sexual behaviors |
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Gay men's most practiced form of sex |
Oral |
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% of Adults who've experienced anal |
35% |
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Intromission |
Putting penis into vagina |
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Women's favorite position |
Man on top |
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Men's favorite position |
Woman on top |
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Maltz Hierarchy |
Three levels of positive sexual interaction and three levels of negative sexual interaction |
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Level +3 of Maltz Hierarchy
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Authentic Sexual Intimacy: profound expression of love that brings deep sense of connection to partner |
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Level +2 of Maltz Hierarchy |
Making love: Mutual pleasure through sexual creativity and experimentation regardless of gender roles Partners reveal themselves intimately through this communication |
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Level +1 of Maltz Hierarchy |
Positive Role Fulfillment: Mutual respect, reduction of sexual tension Gender role behavior |
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Level -1 of Maltz Hierarchy |
Impersonal Interaction: Lack of respect for one's self or others. Regrettable interactions, often drugs are involved Disease/pregnancy risk |
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Level -2 of Maltz Hierarchy |
Abusive Interaction: Psychological coercion, damaging to a person's self-esteem. Nonviolent: emotional abuse |
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Level -3 of Maltz Hierarchy |
Violent Interaction: Purposeful expression of hostility, sex organs are weapons and targets |
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% of college women who are reported vicims of sexual assault while in college |
20% |
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Clery Act |
Uni's have to publish stats of sex assault on campus
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False Reports % |
98% of reported cases are true reports, same as any other crime |
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Sexual Orientation components |
Attraction (erotic or emotional) - oxytocin
Behavior Identity |
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Kinsey Scale |
Spectrum of sexuality from 0-6 Nonbinary system |
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LGB Affirmative Therapy |
Evidence based therapy for LGB people |
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Reparative Therapy |
Trained repression of natural desires |
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SGM |
Sexual and Gender Minorities |
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Homonegativity (4 levels) |
Intrapersonal - internalized bias Interpersonal - anywhere between "That's so gay" jokes to killing gay people Institutional - policies that devalue LGB people Cultural - cultures your living in have bias |
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Etiology of Homophobia |
Misinformation Psychological factors -> prejudice Competition for power Social norms dictating "correct" sexuality |
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Cure for Homophobia |
Assume you are homophobic Identify homophobia as the problem Think about similarities to other oppression Assume LGBQ people's experiences are valid |
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Competitive Male Dominance |
Gorillas with one dominant male controlling harem of females. Killing of main male often required for another male to take over |
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Semicooperative Male Dominance |
Chimpanzees with larger groups, sharing partners Fighting, males more social |
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Cooperative Male Dominance |
Common in Humans High levels of cooperation among males to dominate females Exclusion of females from governing bodies Religion |
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Most common types of social organization in primates |
Cooperative Female dominance Cooperative Egalitarianism |
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Cooperative Female Dominance |
Females are sexually aggressive pursuing and initiating copulation with as many males as possible. Highly orgasmic. Rape culture is male dominance |
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Cooperative Egalitarianism |
Bonobos Two genders are roughly equal Sex is used to maintain close friendship bonds, ending disputes, and for pleasure Females have sex everyday and aren't choosy. Sex with everyone. Highly sexual |
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Inis Beag |
Women highly restricted to keep out of males way Sex for procreation only. Just get it over with Women who like sex are "bad" women Women just endure sex |
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Mangaia |
Post-pubescent boys taught to pleasure after superincision ceremony. Training with older female Sex every night with various young females to avoid pregnancy All females orgasm everytime, usually multiple Sexual exclusivity after marriage3 |
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Sambia (1965) |
Sex with women seen as polluting Boys taken from women at age 7-10 to become warriors Fellatio and insemination to become men Ritual bleeding of nose after female contact. Nose plugs |
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Paraphilia |
Recurrent, intense sexual arousal, urges, or behaviors involving: nonhuman objects, suffering or humiliation of oneself or one's partner, children or nonconsenting people |
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Exhibitionism |
Getting off by showing genitals to nonconsenting people Primates commonly use this to invite copulation Conditioning (orgasm when mom walks in) |
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Fetishism |
Getting off to inanimate objects Masturbatory conditioning. Feet, shoes, latex. Only disorder if it interferes with functioning |
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Frotteurism |
Rubbing against or touching a nonconsensual person in a sexual way Crowded public places in large cities with high levels of male dominance Japan has gender separated public transit bc of this |
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Pedophilia |
A person 16 or older having sexual activity with a pre-pubescent child |
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Sexual Masochism
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Arousal resulting from being humiliated, beaten, bound, or other forms of punishment Theory: children punished for experimenting sexually. Conditioning |
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Sexual Sadism |
Arousal from inflicting physical or psychological punishment on someone else
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Voyeurism |
Peeping tom Arousal from observing unsuspecting people |
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Mahu (Hawaii) |
Person born as a male but raised female from infancy |
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Hijras / Sadhins (India) |
Third / fourth gender |
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Berdache (Native Americans) |
Two-spirited |
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Sexual dysfunctions |
Characterized by disturbances in arousal/orgasm, with accompanying emotional distress and interpersonal problems |
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% of homeless youth who are LGBT |
40% - kicked out of home |
