Psychology Lesson 1

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Psychology

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The scientific study of behavior and mental processes.

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Psychoanalysis

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Personality theory and form of psychotherapy that emphasizes the role of unconscious factors in personality and behavior.

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Behaviorism

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School of pyschology and theoretical viewpoint that emphasizes the study of oberservable behaviors, especially as they pertain to the process of learning.

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Humanistic Psychology

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School of psychology and theoretical viewpoint that emphasizes each person's unique potential for psychological growth and self-direction.

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Wilhelm Wundt

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A German physiologist who is generally credited as being the founder of psychology. Founded the first psychology research laboratory in 1879.

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Signmund Freud

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An Austrian physician who developed the personality theory based on uncovering the hiden, or uncounscious, causes of behavior. Largely credited as making psychology a household word. Recognized as one of the most influential thinkers of the twentieth century.

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Ivan Pavlov

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A Russian physiologist whose pioneering work led to the creation of behaviorism.

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B.F. Skinner

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An American psychologist who is famous for his study of observable behaviors and experiments using reinforcement and punishment to shape behavior.

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Carl Rogers

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An American psychologist who is credited with the development of humanistic psychology and the emphasis on each person's individual potential.

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Cognitive Psychology

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The branch of psychology that investigates mental processes, including reasoning and thinking, problem solving, memory, perception, mental imagery, and language.

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Developmental Psychology

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The branch of psychology that studies the physical, social, and psychological changes that occur over the lifespan.

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Personality Psychology

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The branch of psychology that examines individual differences and the characteristics that make each person unique.

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Health Psychology

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The branch of psychology that focuses on the role of psychological facotrs in the development, prevention, and treatment of illness.

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Clinical Psychology

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A specialty area of psychology that studies the causes, treatment, and prevention of different types of psychological disorders.

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Experimental Psychology

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A term traditionally used to describe reasearch focused on basic topics, such as sensory processes or principals of learning. However, psychologists in every field conduct research and perform experiments.

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Industrial/Organizational Psychology

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A specialty area of psychology that is concerned with the relationship between people and work. Includes such topics as worker productivity, job satisfaction, and personnel testing and selection.

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Social Psychology

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Explores how people are affected by their social environments, including how people think about and influence others.

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Biological Psychology

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A specialty area of psychology that focuses on the relationship between behavior and the body's physical systems.

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Educational Psychology

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A specialty area of psychology that studies how people learn. Develops instructional methods and materials.

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Evolutionary Psychology

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The application of principles of evolution, including natural selection, to explain psychological processes and phenomena.

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Cross-Cultural Psychology

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Branch of psychology that studies the effects of culture on behavior and mental processes.