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88 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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trait
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an aspect of personality that is considered to be reasonably consistent
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negative correlation
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an unpleasant stimulus that increases the frequency of behavior when it is removed
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Harlow
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monkey experiment
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homeostasis
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an internal balance that is achieved through adjustments of the neurons system
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oedipus complexes
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boys want their mothers
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electra complexes
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girls want their fathers
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perception
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the process of organizing & interpreting sensory info
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sensation
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the stimulation of sensory receptors & the transmission of sensory info to the brain
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vestibular sense
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the sense that provides info about the position of the body
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subliminal messages
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when stimuli fall between the absolute threshold more than 50% of the time
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neurons
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nerve cells
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cerebral cortex
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the body's control & info processing center
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average human brain weight
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3 pounds
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oxygen supply
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approx. 20%
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Y chromosome
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only males have this chromosome
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down's syndrome
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mental retardation/heart & respiratory problems/extra chromosome on 21st pair
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plasticity
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the flexiblity of our brain
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narcolepsy
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uncommon sleep disorder characterized by brief attacks of REM sleep often at inopportune moments
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flashbulb memory
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clear memories of emotionally significant moments or events
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recency effect
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tendency to recall the last item in a series
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neurons
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nerve cells
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cerebral cortex
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the body's control & info processing center
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average human brain weight
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3 pounds
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oxygen supply
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approx. 20%
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Y chromosome
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only males have this chromosome
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down's syndrome
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mental retardation/heart & respiratory problems/extra chromosome on 21st pair
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plasticity
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the flexibility of our brain
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narcolepsy
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uncommon sleep disorder characterized by brief attacks of REM sleep often at inopportune moments
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flashbulb memory
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clear memories of emotionally significant moments or events
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recency effect
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tendency to recall the last item in a series
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parallel distributed processing
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brain's ability to file info/memory
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mnemonic device
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ex: ROYGBIV
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savant
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mental retardation but have extraordinary skill in particular skill
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first phoneme a baby can pronounce
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M
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Maslow
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self-actualization
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attitudes
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enduring beliefs about people, places, or objects that evokes certain feelings & influences behavior
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laissez-faire
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they encourage group members to express & discuss their ideas & to make their own decisions
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explicit norm
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spoken or written rules of social behavior/ex: traffic rules
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altruism
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unselfish regard fro the welfare of others
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generic/semantic memory
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memory of general knowledge & info that can be recalled
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implicit/procedural memory
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memory that consists of the skills & procedures one has learned
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Pavlov
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classical conditioning/dog saliva experiment
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Skinner
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studied human & non human behavior
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Kohlberg
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devised a cognitive theory about the development of children moral reasoning
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Piaget
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believed development occurs in stages
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naturalistic observation
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the study of behavior in naturally occurring situations w/o manipulation or control on the part of the observer
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cerebrum
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the large mass of the fore brain consisting of two hemispheres
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CNS
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central nervous system
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sleep apnea
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sleep disorder in which breathing is interrupted
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egocentrism
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the inability to understand another person's point of view
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object permanence
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the awareness that people & objects continue to exist even when they can not be perceived
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prototype
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the same model on which others in the same category are patterned
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analogy
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way to rest problem-solving abilities
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lateralization
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specialization of the two sides of the brain
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closure
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tendency to perceive a complete or whole figure even when there are gaps in sensory info
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confabulation
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a fake memory
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repression
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forgetting on purpose but w/o realizing it
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deja vu
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your brain forgets what it just saw
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vocational interest inventory
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purpose to help people figure out a future career path
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projective test
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open ended/no choices/say whatever you want
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achievement test
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measuring your skills/knowledge in specific subjects
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aptitude test
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predict how well you will do in the future
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infantile amnesia
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memory loss before age 2/3
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compulsion
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repetitive ritual behaviors
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alzheimer's disease
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brain disorder in which there is the deterioration of memory, language, & eventually physical functioning
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self-serving bias
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tendency to view one's success as stemming from internal factors & one's failures as stemming from external factors
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actor-observer bias
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tendency to overestimate the effect of dispositional causes for another person's behavior of others to dispositional factors
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social facilitation
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improved performance of tasks because of the presence of others
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social loafing
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when people are working together toward a goal, one may 'slack' off or not try as hard
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random sample
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individuals selected by chance from target population
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Alfred Adler
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believed that people are basically motivated by a need to overcome feelings of inferiority
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independent variable
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factor that researchers manipulate so can determine effect
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dependent variable
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depend on the indep. variable
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control group
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participants who are NOT exposed to indep. variable
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experimental group
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participants who ARE exposed to indep. variable
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hospice
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type of care for terminally ill patients
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axons
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long tubelike structure attached to neuron that transmits impulses away from the neuron cell body
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dendrites
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thin fibers that receive info from neurons & pass message through cell body
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cones
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one of the two types of photoreceptors in the retina of the eye
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difference threshold
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the min. amount of difference that can be detected between two stimuli
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stroboscopic motion
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a visual illusion in which the perception of motion is generated by the presentation of a series of stationary images in rapid succession
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hindbrain
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lower portion of the brain/functions: heart rate, respiration & balance
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adrenal gland
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produce adrenaline & noradrenaline
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wechsler scales
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measures verbal ability/identifies particular learning disabilities
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stanford-binet scales
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test to identify children that are like to need special educational attention
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validity
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the extent to which a test measures what it is supposed to measure
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objective test
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standardized/forced choice
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Asch
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determined to whether people would go along w/ group opinion even when the group opinion differed from their own
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