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80 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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medical model (pg. 449)
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thinks of abnormal behavior as a disease
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diagnosis (pg. 450)
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distinguishing one illness from another
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etiology (pg. 450)
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apparent causation and developmental history of an illness
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prognosis (pg. 450)
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forecast about the probable course of an illness
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Criteria of abnormal behavior (pg. 450)
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1) Deviance
2) Maladaptive behavior 3) Personal distress |
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Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) (pg. 451)
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multiaxial system used to classify psychological disorders
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Axis I (pg. 452)
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(DSM): Primary clinical problem
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Axis II (pg. 452)
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(DSM): Personality disorders or mental retardation
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Axis III (pg. 452)
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(DSM): General medical conditions
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Axis IV (pg. 452)
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(DSM): Psychosocial and environmental problems
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Axis V (pg. 452)
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(DSM): Global assessment of functioning (GAF)
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anxiety disorders (pg. 453)
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class of disorders marked by feelings of excessive apprehension and anxiety
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generalized anxiety disorder (pg. 453)
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chronic high levels of anxiety not tied to a specific threat
(anxiety disorder) |
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phobic disorder (pg. 453)
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persistent and irrational fear of an object or situation that presents no realistic danger
(anxiety disorder) |
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panic disorder (pg. 454)
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recurrent attacks of overwhelming anxiety that usually occur suddenly and unexpectedly
(anxiety disorder) |
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agoraphobia (pg. 454)
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fear of going out to public places
(panic disorder) |
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obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) (pg. 454)
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persistent uncontrollable intrusions of unwanted thoughts and urges to engage in senseless rituals
(anxiety disorder) |
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post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (pg. 455)
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enduring psychological disturbance attributed to the experience of a major traumatic event
(anxiety disorder) |
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concordance rate (pg. 456)
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the percentage of twin pairs or other pairs of relatives that exhibit the same disorder
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psychosomatic disorders (pg. 458)
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genuine physical ailments caused in part by psychological factors, especially emotional distress
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somatoform disorders (pg. 458)
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physical ailments that cannot be fully explained and are largely due to psychological factors
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somatization disorder (pg. 458)
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history of diverse physical complaints that appear to be psychological in origin
(somatoform disorder) |
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conversion disorder (pg. 458)
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significant loss of physical function
(somatoform disorder) |
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hypochondrias (pg. 458)
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excessive preoccupation with one's health and incessant worry about developing physical illness
(somatoform disorder) |
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The Sick Role (pg. 459)
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become fond of the role associated with being sick:
-Avoid confronting challenge -Excuse for failure -Sympathy |
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dissociative disorders (pg. 460)
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people lose contact with portions of their consciousness or memory, resulting in disruptions in their sense of identity
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dissociative amnesia (pg. 460)
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sudden loss of memory for important personal information that is too extensive to be due to normal forgetting
(dissociative disorder) |
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dissociative fugue (pg. 460)
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lose memory for their entire lives along with their sense of personal identity
(dissociative disorder) |
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dissociative identity disorder (DID) (pg. 460)
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coexistence in one person of two or more largely complete, and usually very different, personalities
(dissociative disorder) |
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mood disorders (pg. 461)
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emotional disturbance of varied kinds that may spill over to disrupt physical, perceptual, social, and thought processes
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major depressive disorder (pg. 462)
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people show persistent feelings of sadness and despair and a loss of interest in previous sources of pleasure
(mood disorder) |
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bipolar disorder (pg. 463)
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experience of both depressed and manic periods
(mood disorder) |
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schizophrenic disorders (pg. 467)
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delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and deterioration of adaptive behavior
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delusions (pg. 468)
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false beliefs that are maintained even though they clearly are out of touch with reality
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hallucinations (pg. 468)
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sensory perceptions that occur in the absence of a real, external stimulus or are gross distortions of perceptual input
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paranoid schizophrenia (pg. 468)
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delusions of persecution along with delusions of grandeur
(schizophrenic disorder) |
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catatonic schizophrenia (pg. 468)
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striking motor disturbances, ranging from muscular rigidity to random motor activity
(schizophrenic disorder) |
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disorganized schizophrenia (pg. 469)
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a particularly severe deterioration of adaptive behavior (emotional indifference, incoherence, social withdrawal)
(schizophrenic disorder) |
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undifferentiated schizophrenia (pg. 469)
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idiosyncratic mixtures of schizophrenic symptoms
(schizophrenic disorder) |
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negative symptoms (pg. 469)
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flattened emotions, social withdrawal, apathy, impaired attention, and poverty of speech
(schizophrenic symptoms) |
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positive symptoms (pg. 469)
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behavioral excesses or peculiarities, such as hallucinations, delusions, bizarre behavior, and wild flights of ideas
(schizophrenic symptoms) |
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expressed emotion (pg. 472)
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degree to which a relative of a schizophrenic patient displays highly critical or emotionally overinvolved attitudes toward the patient
(schizophrenic disorder) |
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eating disorders (pg. 477)
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severe disturbances in eating behavior characterized by preoccupation with weight concerns and unhealthy efforts to control weight
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anorexia nervosa (pg. 477)
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intense fear of gaining weight, disturbed body image, refusal to maintain normal weight, and use of dangerous measures to lose weight
(eating disorder) |
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bulimia nervosa (pg. 478)
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habitually engaging in out-of-control overeating followed by unhealthy compensatory efforts, such as self induced vomiting, fasting, abuse of laxatives and diuretics, and excessive exercise
(eating disorder) |
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representativeness heuristic (pg. 480)
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basing the estimated probability of an event on how similar it is to the typical prototype of that event
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comorbidity (pg. 480)
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the coexistence of two or more disorders
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conjunctive fallacy (pg. 481)
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people estimate that odds of two uncertain events happening together are greater than the odd of either event happening alone
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availability heuristic (pg. 481)
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basing the estimated probability of an event on the ease with which relevant instances come to mind
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psychotherapy (pg.485)
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all diverse approaches used in the treatment of mental disorders and psychological problems
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insight therapy (pg. 486)
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engage in complex verbal interactions with a therapist in an effort to uncover nature of psychological problem and work through a solution
(psychotherapy) |
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behavior therapy (pg. 486)
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therapist makes direct effort to alter problematic responses (ex. phobias) and maladaptive habits (ex. drug use)
(psychotherapy) |
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biomedical therapy (pg. 486)
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intervention into persons biological functioning usually through prescription drugs or shock therapy
(psychotherapy) |
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clinical/counseling psychologists (pg. 487)
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specialize in the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders and everyday behavioral problems
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psychiatrists (pg. 488)
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physicians who specialize in the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders
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psychoanalysis (pg. 488)
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emphasizes the recovery of unconscious conflicts, motives, and defenses through techniques such as free association and transference
(insight therapy) |
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free association (pg. 489)
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clients spontaneously express their thoughts and feelings exactly as they occur, with as little censorship as possible
(psychoanalysis) |
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dream analysis (pg. 489)
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therapist interprets the symbolic meaning of the client's dreams
(psychoanalysis) |
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resistance (pg. 490)
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largely unconscious defensive maneuvers intended to hinder the progress of therapy
(psychoanalysis) |
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transference (pg. 490)
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clients start relating to their therapists in ways that mimic critical relationships in their lives
(psychoanalysis) |
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client-centered therapy (pg. 491)
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emphasizes providing a supportive emotional climate for clients, who play a major role in deciding the pace and direction of their therapy
(insight therapy) |
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positive psychology (pg. 492)
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uses theory and research to better understand the positive, adaptive, creative, and fulfilling aspects of human existence
(insight therapy) |
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group therapy (pg. 492)
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simultaneous treatment of several clients in a group
(insight therapy) |
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systematic desensitization (pg. 495)
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used to reduce clients' phobic responses by coupling fear-arousing event with a harmless stimulus
(behavior therapy) |
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aversion therapy (pg. 496)
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uses classical conditioning to create a negative response to a stimulus that has elicited problematic behavior
(behavior therapy) |
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social skills training (pg. 496)
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improve interpersonal skills and emphasizes modeling, behavioral research, and shaping
(behavior therapy) |
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cognitive-behavioral treatments (pg. 497)
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use combinations of verbal interventions and behavior modification techniques to help clients change maladaptive patterns of thinking
(behavior therapy) |
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cognitive therapy (pg. 497)
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uses specific strategies to correct habitual thinking errors that underlie various types of disorders
(cognitive-behavioral treatment) |
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antianxiety drugs (pg. 498)
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drugs that reduce tension, apprehension, and nervousness
(biomedical therapy) |
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antipsychotic drugs (pg. 499)
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drugs used to to gradually reduce psychotic symptoms, including hyperactivity, mental confusion, hallucinations, and delusions
(biomedical therapy) |
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tardive dyskinesia (pg. 499)
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side-effect: neurological disorder marked by involuntary writhing and ticlike movements of the mouth, tongue, face, hands, or feet
(antipsychotic drugs) |
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antidepressant drugs (pg. 500)
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drugs used to gradually elevate mood and help bring people out of a depression
(biomedical therapy) |
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mood stabilizers (pg. 501)
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drugs used to control mood swings in patients with bipolar mood disorders
(biomedical therapy) |
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electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) (pg. 502)
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electric shock is used to produce a cortical seizure accompanied by convulsions
(biomedical therapy) |
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transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) (pg. 503)
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technique that permits scientists to temporarily enhance or depress activity in a specific area of the brain
(biomedical therapy) |
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deep brain stimulation (DBS) (pg. 503)
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a thin electrode is surgically implanted in the brain and connected to an implanted pulse generator so that various electrical currents can be delivered to brain tissue adjacent to the electrode
(biomedical therapy) |
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mental hospital (pg. 508)
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a medical institution specializing in providing inpatient care for psychological disorders
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deinstitutionalization (pg. 509)
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transferring the treatment of mental illness from inpatient institutions to community-based facilities that emphasize outpatient care
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placebo effect (pg. 514)
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people's expectations lead them to experience some change even though they receive a fake treatment
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regression towards mean (pg. 514)
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people who score really high or low on some trait are measured a second time and their new scores fall closer to the mean
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