Psychology Final

Front 1

What is the definition of psychology?

Back 1

The scientific study of behavior and mental processes.

Front 2

What's the difference between a theory and a hypothesis?

Back 2

Theory- A general explanation of a set of observations or facts.

Front 3

What is a school psychologist and what duties do they perform?

Back 3

School psychologists may take the results of research or methods and apply them in the actual school system.

They work directly in the schools doing assessments, educational placement, and diagnosing educational problems.

Front 4

If our personalities are affected by unconscious forces, what is that approach to human psychology?

Back 4

Psychoanalysis (branch) < Psychodynamic perspective ?

Front 5

The control group:

Back 5

The group in the experiment that is not exposed to the IV.

Front 6

What makes up the central nervous system?

Back 6

The brain and spinal cord.

Front 7

Action Potential

Back 7

The release of the neural impulse consistin of a reversal of the electrical charge within the axon.

Front 8

If a brain injury damaged the hippocampus, what difficulty would occur?

Back 8

Difficulty remembering- especially places and locations

But also affects learning and ability to compare sensory functions.

Front 9

What would be the result of damage to the occipital lobe?

Back 9

Damaged sight

Front 10

Development

Back 10

The scientific study of the changes that occur in people as they age, from conception until death.

Front 11

Assimilation

Back 11

A belief that children first trys to understand new things in terms of schemes they already possess

Ex: a child might see an orange and call it an apple bec

Front 12

Secure Attachment

Back 12

Infants feel safe and calm around strangers when their mother is near by, but get upset if the mother left them.

Front 13

Sensation

Back 13

Occurs when receptors in the sense organs are activated, allowing various forms of outside stimuli to become neural signals in the brain.

Front 14

Perception

Back 14

The method by which the sensations experienced at any given moment are interrupy

Front 15

When do rods work the hardest?

Back 15

When adjusting from darkness to seeing a bright light.

Ex; Driving at night and passing a car with bright headlights.

Front 16

Consciousness

Back 16

Consciousness is your awareness of everything that is going on around you and inside your own head at any given moment, which you use to organize your behavior including your thoughts, sensations, and feelings.

Front 17

Narcolepsy

Back 17

Sleep disorder in which a person falls immediately into REM sleep during the day without warning.

Front 18

Drug Addiction

Back 18

Addiction is a condition that results when a person ingests a substance or engages in an activitythat can be pleasurable, but the continued use becomes compulsive and interferes with ordinary life responsibilities, such as work or relationships, or health.

Front 19

Learning

Back 19

Any relatively permament change in behavior brought about by experience or practice.

Front 20

What is negative reinforcement?

Back 20

The removal, escape from, or avoidance of an unpleasant stimulus.

Ex: If a person's behavior gets pain to stop, the person is much more likely to do that same thing again.

Front 21

Encoding informations happens at what point when you are hearing new information?

Back 21

Encoding occurs when the ears hear a sound, their ears turn thevibration in the air into nerual messages that make it possible for the brain to interpret that sound.

Front 22

Episodic Memoory

Back 22

Contains personal information not readily available to others, such as daily activities and events.

Ex: Birthdays, childhood memories, special events, etc.

Front 23

Confirmation Bias

Back 23

The tendency to search for evidence that fits one's beliefs while ignoring any evidence that does not fit those beliefs.

Front 24

Telegraphic Speech

Back 24

Toddlers string words together to form simple, short sentences.

Ex: Baby eat. Mommy go. Doggie go bye-bye.

Front 25

Conditioned Stimulus

Back 25

Stimulus that becomes able to produce a learned reflex response by being paired with the origianl unconditioned stimulus.

Ex: Bringing dog bowl out - dog salivates because he knows he will eat.

Front 26

What does the ego do?

Back 26

Part of personality that develops out of a need to deal with reality, mostly conscious, rational, and logical.

Front 27

Behaviorism stresses what 2 things in personality development?

Back 27

Conditioning (sets of learned responses or habits), and effect of the environment on behavior based on theories of learning ??

Front 28

Validity

Back 28

The degree to which a test actually measures what it's supposed to measure.

Front 29

What need must be met first in Maslov's hierarchy of needs?

Back 29

Physiological needs- satisfy hunger, thirst, fatigue, etc.

Front 30

The order of the human sexual response pattern.

Back 30

Excitement, plateau, orgasm, resolution.

Front 31

Anxiety Disorder

Back 31

Disorders in which the main symptom is excessive or unrealistic anxiety or fearfulness.

Front 32

What are the major characteristsc of a type-B person?

Back 32

Lower stress level, work steadily, creative, not competitve, enjoys exploring ideas.

Front 33

Burnout

Back 33

Negative changes in thoughts, emtions, and behavior as a result of prolonged stress or frustration.

Ex: Wanting to quit a job.

Front 34

Social Psychology

Back 34

The study of groups, social roles, and rules of social actions and relationships.

Front 35

The difference between our behaviors and our attitudes is called what?

Back 35

Cognitive Dissonance

Front 36

According to Milgram's study, when do people obey?

Back 36

When they are asked by a figure with authority.

Front 37

Biopsychological perspective emphasizes behavior is influenced mostly by what?

Back 37

Genetic influences.

But also, hormones, and the activity of the nervous system.

Front 38

What does a cognitive psychologist emphasize?

Back 38

A cognitive psychologist is concerned with the study and understanding of how memory, perception, and thought work in the brain.

Ex: John Doe

Front 39

What does a developmental psychologist focus on?

Back 39

They're interested in changes in the way people think, how people relate to others, and in the ways people feel over the entire span of life.

Front 40

When a study is replicated, what does that mean?

Back 40

It's to verify that the results are accurate and reliable.

Front 41

How are correlation and causation different?

Back 41

Correlation- a measure of the relationship between to variables.

Causation- Variables can be related but you can not assume that one of them causes the other to occur.

Front 42

When you are doing experimental research, how many factors would you change?

Back 42

One

Front 43

What is a double blind prcedure?

Back 43

Study in which neither the experimenter nor the subjects know if the subjuects are in the experimental or control group.

Front 44

Synapse

Back 44

Microscopic fluid-filled space between the synaptic knob of one cell and the dendrites or surface of the next cell.

Front 45

Piaget emphasized what type of development?

Back 45

Cognitive development

Front 46

What is the difference between sensation and perception?

Back 46

Sensation- occurs when receptors in the sense organs are activationd, allowing outside stimulive to become nerual signals in the brain.

Perception- the method by which the sensations experienced at any given moment are interpreted and organized in some meaningful way.

Front 47

Who first did classical conditioning?

Back 47

Ivan Pavlov

Front 48

Negative Reinforcement

Back 48

The reinforcement of a sresponse by the removal, escape from, or avoidance of an unpleasant stimulus.

Ex: If a person's behavior gets pain to stop, the person is much more likely to do that same thing again.

Front 49

Punishment

Back 49

In operant conditioning, punishment is any change in a human or animal's surroundings that occurs after a given behavior or response.

Front 50

The magic number 7 is related to what type of memory?

Back 50

Working memory

Front 51

Misinformation effect

Back 51

The tendency of misleading information presented after an event to alter the memories of the event itself

Front 52

During the Middle Ages how was bizare behavior explained?

Back 52

Spirit possession

Front 53

Freud took what approach to psychological disorders?

Back 53

Cleaned by removing all the "impurities" of the unconscious mind that he beleived were responsible for his patients' psychological and nervous disorders.

Front 54

What is an antisocial personality disorder?

Back 54

A disorder in which a person has no morals or conscience and often behaves in an impulsive manner without regard for the consequences of that behavoir.

Front 55

Fundamental Attribution Error

Back 55

The tendency to overestimate the influence of internal factors in determining behavior while underestimation situational factors.

Front 56

Cognintive Dissonance

Back 56

Sense of discomfor or distress that occus when a person's behavior does not correspond to that person's attitude.

Front 57

Bystander Effect

Back 57

Referring to the effect that the presence of other people has on the decision to help or not help, with help becoming less likely as the number of bystanders increase.