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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Developmental Psychology
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A branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span
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Zygote
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The fertilized egg; it enters a two-week period of rapid cell division and fertilization through the second month
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Embryo
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The developing human organism from about 2 weeks until after fertilization through the second month
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Fetus
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The developing human organism from nine weeks after conception to birth
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Teratogens
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"Monster makers", agents, such as chemicals and viruses, that can reach the embryo or fetus during prenatal development and can cause harm.
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Habituation
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Decreasing responsiveness with repeated simulation. As infants gain familiarity with repeated exposure to a visual stimulus, their interest wanes, and they look away sooner.
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Maturation
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Biological growth processes that enable orderly changes in behavior, relatively uninfluenced by experience
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Cognition
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All the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating
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Schema
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A concept or framework that organizes and interprets information
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Assimilation
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Interpreting our new experiences in terms of our existing schemas
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Accommodation
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Adapting our current understanding (schemas) to incorporate new information
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Sensorimotor Stage
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In Piaget's theory, the stage (birth-2 years) during which infants know the world mostly in terms of their sensory impressions and motor activites
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Object permanence
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The awareness that things continue to exist, even when not perceived
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Egocentrism
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In Piaget's theory, the preoperational child's difficulty taking another's point of view
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Preoperational stage
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In Piaget's theory, the stage (2-7) during which a child begins to learn language but does not yet comprehend the mental operations of concrete logic
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Conservation
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The principle (which Piaget believed to be a part of concrete operational reasoning) that properties such as mass, volume, and number remain the same despite changes in the forms of objects
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Attachment
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An emotional tie with another person; shown in young children by seeking closeness to the caregiver and showing distress on separation
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Critical Period
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An optimal period early in the life of an organism when exposure to certain stimuli or experiences produces normal development
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Imprinting
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The process by which certain animals form attachments during a critical period early in life
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Self-concept
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Our understanding and evaluation of who we are
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Adolescence
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The transition period from childhood to adulthood. extending from puberty to independence
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Puberty
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The period of sexual maturation, during which a person becomes capable of reproducing
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Menarche
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The first menstrual period
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Identity
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Our sense of self; according to Erikson, the adolescent's task is to solidify a sense of self by testing and integrating various roles.
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Social Identity
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The "we" aspect of our self-concept; the part of our answer to "Who am I?" that comes from our group memberships.
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Intimacy
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In Erikson's theory, the ability to form close, loving relationships; a primary developmental task in late adolescence and early adulthood.
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Emerging adulthood
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For some people in modern cultures, a period from the late teens to mid-twenties, bridging the gap between adolescent dependence and full independence/responsible adulthood.
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Menopause
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The time of natural cessation of menstruation; also refers to the biological changes a woman experiences as her ability to reproduce declines.
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Social clock
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The culturally preferred timing of social events such as marriage, parenthood, and retirement.
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