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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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sensory memory |
The initial, momentary storage of information, lasting only an instant |
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short-term memory |
Memory that holds information for 15 to 25 seconds |
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long-term memory |
Memory that stores information on a relatively permanent basis, although it may be difficult to retrieve. |
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chunk |
A grouping of information that can be stored in short-term memory. |
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rehearsal |
The repetition of information that has entered short-term memory. |
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working memory |
A memory system that holds information temporarily while actively manipulating and rehearsing that information. |
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declarative memory |
Memory for factual information: names, faces, dates, and the like. |
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procedural memory |
Memory for skills and habits, such as riding a bike or hitting a baseball; sometimes referred to as nondeclarative memory. |
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semantic memory |
Memory for general knowledge and facts about the world, as well as memory for the rules of logic that are used to deduce other facts. |
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episodic memory |
Memory for events that occur in a particular time, place, or context. |
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semantic networks |
Mental representations of clusters of interconnected information. |
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tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon |
The inability to recall information that one realizes one knows—a result of the difficulty of retrieving information from long-term memory. |
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recall |
Memory task in which specific information must be retrieved. |
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recognition |
Memory task in which individuals are presented with a stimulus and asked whether they have been exposed to it in the past or to identify it from a list of alternatives. |
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levels-of-processing theory |
The theory of memory that emphasizes the degree to which new material is mentally analyzed. |
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explicit memory |
Intentional or conscious recollection of information. |
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implicit memory |
Memories of which people are not consciously aware but that can affect subsequent performance and behavior. |
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priming |
A phenomenon that occurs when exposure to a word or concept (called a prime) later makes it easier to recall related information. |
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flashbulb memories |
Memories of a specific, important, or surprising emotionally significant event that are recalled easily and with vivid imagery. |
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constructive processes |
Processes in which memories are influenced by the meaning we give to events. |
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schemas |
Organized bodies of information stored in memory that bias the way new information is interpreted, stored, and recalled. |
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autobiographical memory |
Our recollections of our own life experiences. |
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decay |
The loss of information in memory through its nonuse. |
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interference |
The phenomenon by which information in memory disrupts the recall of other information. |
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cue-dependent forgetting
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Forgetting that occurs when there are insufficient retrieval cues to rekindle information that is in memory. |
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proactive interference |
Interference in which information learned earlier disrupts the recall of material learned later. |
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retroactive interference |
Interference in which material that was learned later disrupts the retrieval of information that was learned earlier |
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Alzheimer’s disease |
A progressive brain disorder that leads to a gradual and irreversible decline in cognitive abilities |
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amnesia |
Memory loss that occurs without other mental difficulties. |
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retrograde amnesia |
Amnesia in which memory is lost for occurrences prior to a certain event, but not for new events. |
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anterograde amnesia |
Amnesia in which memory is lost for events that follow an injury. |
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Korsakoff’s syndrome |
A disease that afflicts long-term alcoholics, leaving some abilities intact but including hallucinations and a tendency to repeat the same story. |
