Psychology Test 2 Chapter 6

Front 1

What are the 4 nodes of the memory network?

Back 1

stimulus, sensory memory, short-term memory, long-term memory

Front 2

What does the sensory memory do?

Back 2

Preserves info about stimulus in original form for brief amount of time

Front 3

How long does your short-term memory retain info?

Back 3

20 seconds

Front 4

How many individual memories does your short-term memory retain?

Back 4

5-9.

Front 5

Rehearsal?

Back 5

repeated verbalizing or thinking about information to obtain

Front 6

capacity of long term memory?

Back 6

unlimited

Front 7

encoding?

Back 7

transferring memories from short to long term. often fails us, active decision

Front 8

retrieval?

Back 8

taking info from long term to short term. demonstrates learning

Front 9

how are memories stored? and how does this work?

Back 9

semantic networks. concepts are linked together in related ways

Front 10

forgetting curve?

Back 10

sharp drop in memory immediately after

Front 11

decay theory of forgetting?

Back 11

memories decay with time

Front 12

interference theory of forgetting?

Back 12

other info interferes with the info we're trying to remember. eg. sleeping after memorization drills vs. doing other activities

Front 13

2 types of interference?

Back 13

1. proactive- before learning experience
2. retroactive- after learning experience

Front 14

method of loci

Back 14

tag items to particular location

Front 15

depth of processing?

Back 15

we recall info better if we relate it to personal experience

Front 16

hierarchial organization?

Back 16

organization improves memory

Front 17

context reinstatement?

Back 17

easier to recall info if you're in the setting where it was learned

Front 18

overlearning?

Back 18

sometimes studying even when you already know the material really well actually helps memory

Front 19

bilateral medial temporal lobectomy

Back 19

hippocampi in both hemispheres cut out. can treat epilepsy. severe anterograde amnesia. also retrograde amnesia.

Front 20

2 types of memory?

Back 20

explicit- declarative. effort.
implicit- non-declaraive. skills.

Front 21

hippocampus importance?

Back 21

memory consolidation. short-term to long-term. explicit, not implicit.

Front 22

according to the information processing model, what three things must be done for memory

Back 22

1. draws attention
2. is encoded
3. is retrieved

Front 23

iconic memory?

Back 23

fleeting sensory memory where an image is remembered for a second

Front 24

echoic memory?

Back 24

iconic memory except for sounds

Front 25

how do we encode verbal information and what are the implications of this?

Back 25

acoustic terms (not semantic). therefore we're more likely to confuse words that sound alike than words that have similar meanings

Front 26

chunking?

Back 26

groups help memory

Front 27

working memory?

Back 27

aka short term memory. mental workspace for information to be processed. "central executive" processor and 2 storage-and-rehersal systems (auditory and visual)

Front 28

serial position curve?

Back 28

u-shaped curve. primacy and recency. we remember beginning and end

Front 29

elaborative rehersal?

Back 29

strategy of remembering that involves thinking about things a certain way and associating it with other knowledge in long term

Front 30

procedural memory?

Back 30

stored long-term knowledge of learnedhabits and skills

Front 31

declarative memory?

Back 31

stored long-term knowledge of facts about ourselves and the world

Front 32

lexical decision making

Back 32

experiment where subjects must decide as quickly as posible whether a string of letters is a word or not

Front 33

engram?

Back 33

physical memory trace

Front 34

principle of encoding specificity?

Back 34

any stimulus that is encoded along with an experience can later trigger one's memory of that experience

Front 35

3 types of dissociation.

Back 35

1. false-fram effect- famous people experiment
2. eyewitness transference- person they see in one situation is "transferred" to another
3. unintentional plagiarism

Front 36

4 reasons people forget?

Back 36

1. lack of encoding
2. decay
3. interference
4. repression

Front 37

schema?

Back 37

preconceptions about people, places, events, that bias the way info is interpreted and recalled

Front 38

misinformation effect?

Back 38

tendency to incorporate postevent info into one's memory of event

Front 39

autobiographical memory?

Back 39

memory about ourselves

Front 40

flashbulb memories?

Back 40

highly vivid and enduring memories, typically for dramatic and emotional events

Front 41

childhood amnesia

Back 41

we can't remember anything from before we were 3

Front 42

hindsight bias

Back 42

we think we always knew things were going to end up the way that they ended up.