Psychology (4-10-13)

Front 1

passionate/romantic love

Back 1

-Intensely emotional and involving strong sexual attraction.

Front 2

companionate love

Back 2

Strong affection and trust, feeling of closeness
without the same burning obsession
and desire as above.

Front 3

passion, intimacy and commitment

Back 3

three components of Sternberg's triangular theory

Front 4

secure attachment style

Back 4

Person is not prone to jealousy, is happy to have their
own life, and is willing to accept their partners
pursuit of independent interests and relationships

Front 5

anxious-ambivalent attachment style

Back 5

Person desires closeness but is anxious about the
threat of abandonment or rejection –
leads to jealousy, and a “smothering” tendency
OR
avoidance of approaching potential partners altogether

Front 6

avoidant attachment style

Back 6

Person distrusts partners and avoids
intimacy at all cost.
Need for affiliation met by an endless series of
short-term, passionate relationships

Front 7

the fallacy

Back 7

Belief that a person who does
monstrous deeds must be a monster,
and is someone sick and evil.

Front 8

social norms

Back 8

-People know about what behaviours are expected
in different situations and often act accordingly.
-There is a social price to pay
for violating norms.

Front 9

social roles

Back 9

-People are assigned a role in their society and
tend to act in ways consistent with that role.
-There is a social price to pay for not behaving
in ways consistent with your role

Front 10

the obidience study

Back 10

-a experiment on “the effect of punishment on learning”
-Stanley Milgram (1963)

Front 11

the prison study

Back 11

-Zimbardo (1973)
-prisoner and guards
-stanford prison study

Front 12

authoritarianism

Back 12

-Unquestioning acceptance of attitudes
given by authority figures
-(e.g., religious or political leaders, “experts”, parents, etc.)

Front 13

Conservatism

Back 13

-Unquestioning acceptance of attitudes
provided by tradition
-(e.g., cultural practices and beliefs, religious rituals)

Front 14

groupthink

Back 14

Tendency for group members to think alike and suppress dissent.

Front 15

self-serving bias

Back 15

-When I do something wrong its because of the situation.
(I’m under a lot of stress today.)
-When I do something right its because of my personality.
(I’m such a nice person.)

Front 16

diffusion of responsibility

Back 16

People are actually less likely to help others in need,
the more people that are available to help.

Front 17

bystander apathy

Back 17

(not helping crime or accident victims)

Front 18

social loafing

Back 18

(not working as hard in completing group projects as
when completing projects alone)

Front 19

just-world hypothesis

Back 19

-People often maintain the belief that folks
get what they deserve.
-Such reasoning can lead to “Blaming the Victim”
for the situation they find themselves in.

Front 20

ethnocentrism

Back 20

-Belief that one’s culture or ethnic group
is superior to all others
-This belief creates a circumstance that favours
discriminating against other cultures or ethnic group

Front 21

social identities

Back 21

-People are a member of several groups
-Having a “social identity” as a member of a group
influences one’s thinking and behaviour
(e.g., We always do this...we think this way).

Front 22

in-group solidarity

Back 22

-Sense of belongingness provided by group membership
fulfills an important human need for social contact.
-Can provide people with purpose and can help people make sense of a complex world

Front 23

us vs. them thinking

Back 23

Group membership places people in opposition to
members of other groups

Front 24

prejudice

Back 24

Strong dislike or hatred of members of another group
(based on negative stereotypes that are maintained even
in the face of clear contradictory evidence)

Front 25

abnormal

Back 25

is a statistical statement referring to relatively
rare patterns of thought or behaviour.

Front 26

insanity

Back 26

is a legal concept and merely refers to whether a person knows the consequences of their actions.

Front 27

ADHD

Back 27

refers to impulsive, messy, restless, easily frustrated children, who have trouble concentrating.

Front 28

self fulfilling prophecy

Back 28

-Assigning a person a mental disorder label
may encourage them to act in ways that fit the label.
-Diagnosing a person with a mental disorder could actually
intensify the psychological problems they already have.

Front 29

projective tests

Back 29

-Involves asking clients to perform some action
(e.g., describe an ambiguous picture, draw a person or house) and using those actions to infer aspects of personality, unconscious motives or conflicts, etc.

Front 30

objective tests

Back 30

Standardized questionnaires ask about the test taker’s behaviour and feelings.

Front 31

anxiety

Back 31

is a state of apprehension that often occurs for good reason. (e.g., in response to turbulence while in an airplane)

Front 32

chronic anxiety

Back 32

feelings of apprehension are constant for long periods of time

Front 33

panic attacks

Back 33

brief but intense bursts of anxiety

Front 34

phobias

Back 34

irrational fear of specific objects or situations

Front 35

obsessive-compulsive disorder

Back 35

intense anxiety in response to NOT performing some action

Front 36

generalized anxiety disorder

Back 36

-Constant, uncontrollable worry (feeling of dread and foreboding) and anxiety occurring on a majority of days for
the past 6 months.
-not caused by drugs, disease or coffee

Front 37

post traumatic stress disorder

Back 37

Constant anxiety after a traumatic experience
(being a victim of violent crime, experiencing a natural disaster) lasting more than 6 months.

Front 38

panic disorder

Back 38

Recurring attacks of intense fear and anxiety.
(can last few minutes to a few hours)

Front 39

agoraphobia

Back 39

Intense fear of being trapped in a crowded public place.

Front 40

major depression

Back 40

Chronic sense of despair and hopelessness.
Thoughts of death or suicide.
Lacking energy to perform even the simplest tasks.
Feelings of worthlessness.

Front 41

bipolar disorder

Back 41

Episodes of MANIA
(abnormally high state of exhilaration) mixed with episodes of major depression. A common disorder among overachievers and those who are highly creative

Front 42

narcissistic personality disorder

Back 42

“I’m the greatest and everything is about me.”
“Pay attention to me and do things for me, but don’t expect me to do anything for you.”

Front 43

borderline personality disorder

Back 43

"I’m so in love with you!! You are my world!!”
2 Weeks Later......
“I hate you!! You disgust me!!”

Front 44

antisocial personality disorder

Back 44

Main feature is a complete lack of conscience or remorse for wrong-doing.

Front 45

tissue need theory

Back 45

Heavy drug use may actually cause drug addiction.

Front 46

multiple personality disorder

Back 46

Person’s personality, behaviour, awareness,
memory for events, etc. is split based on
the adoption of separate identities

Front 47

schizophrenia

Back 47

-Unlike Dissociative Identity Disorder,
does NOT involve a split in to separate personalities
-a major component of it is PSYCHOSIS or psychological problem involving distorted perceptions of reality,
with devastating consequences for one’s ability to function

Front 48

antipsychotics

Back 48

-Examples are Thorazine, Haldol, and Clozaril
-For treating positive symptoms of schizophrenia
by reducing activity of dopamine circuits

Front 49

antidepressants

Back 49

Such drugs act to increase levels of
serotonin, norepinephrine, or dopamine in the brain
(promoting calmness and increased arousal)

Front 50

tranquilizers

Back 50

-Examples: Valium, Xanax
-Mimic neurotransmitter GABA, which has an inhibitory
function in the brain, producing a powerful calming/blissful effect