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61 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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functionalism |
James-”how does conciousness function” Darwins Theory |
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gestalt psychology |
perception or sensation”whole is greater than sum of parts” |
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behaviorism |
observable behavior |
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psychodynamic perspective |
develeopment of sense of self |
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cognitive perspective |
physical changes in brain |
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independent variable |
variable that changes |
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Titchner |
introspection |
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behavioral perspective |
conditioning |
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negative cooreleation |
1 up |
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dendrite |
receieves from other neuron |
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receptor site |
holes in surface of dendrite |
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axon |
sends message |
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synaptic knob |
rounded area @ ends of axon terminal |
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synaptic vescile |
Sac-like structure in knob |
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agonist |
mimics/enhances effects – binds & sends different signal |
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antagonist |
blocks response – binds & sends no signal |
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afferent |
sensory neurons – from senses to CNS |
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efferent |
motor neurons – from CNS to muscles |
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interneurons |
in center of spinal cord – afferent-inter-efferent |
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Peripheral Nervous system |
Autonomic & somatic |
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somatic |
Senses-CNS |
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autonomic Nervous system |
controls involuntary muscles |
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sympathetic |
stressful events & arousal |
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parasympathetic |
restores body to normal functioning |
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Left Hemisphere |
logic |
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Right Hemisphere |
creativity |
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synesthesia |
Disorder-senses are processed in wrong cortical area |
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weber's law |
stronger stimuli=more change needed to notice difference |
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Light |
Brightness(amplitude) |
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Cones |
Fovea-day vision (color) |
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Rods |
peripheral vision – night vision |
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habituation |
brain ignores constant info (hearing) |
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sensory adaptation |
less responsive to constant info(taste |
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hearing |
amplitude |
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place theory |
high frequency >1000 hz |
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frequency theory |
low frequency <100 hz theory of pitch |
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volley principle |
>100 hz. Fire in turns (volley) |
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depth perception |
Binocular-compares 2 eyes(retinal disparity)monocular-1 eye cue |
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continuity |
perceive things as simply as possible as patterns |
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contignuity |
2 things close in time are related |
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Top-down processing |
uses preexisting knowledge to organize individual to whole |
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Bottom-up processing |
analysis of smaller features to build up to complete perception |
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pavlov |
russian |
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UCS |
not learned-natural stimulus that causes UCR |
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CS |
begins as neutral stimulus-eventually causes CR-learned |
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generalization |
response to similar CS & causes CR |
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discrimination |
stop response to generalized stimuli b/c it is not paired with UCS |
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reinforcer |
follows response to increase chances of it happening again |
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Higher-order conditioning |
strong CS is paired w/new neutral stimulus causing 2nd CS |
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CER |
emotional response classically conditioned-fear of dogs |
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vicarious conditioning |
learn a reflex or emotion by watching reaction of others |
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operant conditioning |
learning of voluntary behavior by effects of consequences |
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operant |
any behavior that is voluntary |
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thorndikes law |
responses followed by positive consequence will be repeated |
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primary reinforcer |
natural by meeting basic needs-hunger |
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secondary reinforcer |
paired w/primary-praise |
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positive reinforcement |
something valuable or desirable |
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negative reinforcement |
something unpleasant – avoid ticked by stopping at light |
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punishment by application |
punishment of response by add.of unpleasant stimulus(spanking) |
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punishment by removal |
removal of pleasant stimulus |
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discriminative reinforcement |
a stimulus that provides a cue to make a response(stop sign) |
