Psychology 101 - Brain Anatomy & Function (L2) (W/o Front Terms)

Front 1

Define "biological psychology"

Back 1

The field of psychology investigating the biological foundations of cognition and behavior.

Front 2

What regulatory systems make up biological psychology?

Back 2

1) Nervous system

2) Endocrine system

3) Immune system

Front 3

What disciplines are found in biological psychology?

Back 3

P.E.N.

1) Psychoneuroimmunology

2) Endocrinology

3) Neurology

Front 4

Define neurology.

Back 4

Study of the nervous system.

Front 5

Define endocrinology.

Back 5

Study of glands and their secretion's effects on behavior (e.g. pheromones and sociosexual behavior).

Front 6

Define pheromones.

Back 6

Chemical signalling between two organisms within a species.

Front 7

Are the amount of pheromones cumulative?

Back 7

No.

Front 8

Define psychoneuroimmunology.

Back 8

1) Study of the interactions between nervous system, immune system, and the environment.

2) How the immune system makes a person feel sick.

Front 9

What are the major structures of the brain?

Back 9

1) Medulla oblongata

2) Pons

3) Cerebellum

Front 10

State the general purpose, and function of the medulla oblongata.

Back 10

- Gateway to the brain from the peripheral nervous system; separates the brain from the spinal cord.

- Autonomic functions (e.g. breathing, heart beats, stomach churning)

Front 11

State the function of the pons.

Back 11

Autonomic functions (e.g. facial expressions and other conscious movement)

Front 12

State the general purpose, and function of the cerebellum.

Back 12

- aka "little brain"

- Major function: Signal integrator--integrates both incoming and outgoing signals from the brain.

- Smoothens our movements.

Front 13

State the functions of the midbrain.

Back 13

- Sensory reflexes

- Respiration

- Circadian rhythm

Front 14

What brain structures compose the forebrain?

Back 14

- Corpus callosum

- Thalamus

- Hypothalamus

- Hippocampus

- Amygdala

- Cerebral cortex

- Lobes

- Precentral gyrus

- Postcentral gyrus

Front 15

What is the corpus callosum? What does it do?

Back 15

- Bundle of axons

- Connects the left and right hemispheres

*Note: _______________________ tends to be thicker in women than in men.

Front 16

- Women tend to have a massa intermedia. Men don't.

- Women tend to have a thicker corpus callosum.

- Men have a thicker sexually dimorphic nucleus (SDN). This is the most consistent difference between a man and a woman's brain.

Back 16

What are some differences between a woman and man's brain?

Front 17

State the thalamus' function.

Back 17

Relay "station" for sensory neural signals (e.g. like an airport).

Front 18

What is a massa intermedia? Why was it discussed in class?

Back 18

- Like the corpus callosum; another bridge between the left and right hemispheres.

- Women are more likely to have a ______________________ in comparison to men.

Front 19

Hypothalamus:

1) What do they look like?

2) What does it control?

3) Is there a difference between men and women? If so, what?

Back 19

1) Little nodules that are stuck together.

2) The four F's--feeding, fighting, fleeing, and "fooling around"

3) Men have a more dense sexually dimorphic nucleus (which is located in the ______________).

Front 20

Limbic system:

1) What does it do?

2) What composes it?

Back 20

1) Brain areas associated with emotion and memory.

2) Hippocamus and Amygdala

Front 21

What does the hippocampus look like?

Back 21

The __________________ looks like a seahorse.

Front 22

Where is the amygdala located?

Back 22

The _________________ is located right atop the hippocampus.

Front 23

What is the cerebral cortex?

Back 23

Thin layer of neurons on the surface of the brain.

Front 24

Where is the longitudinal fissure?

Back 24

Separates the left and right hemispheres.

Front 25

central sulcus

Back 25

Horizontal fissure that wraps around the entire brain.

Front 26

sylvian fissure

Back 26

Large fissure on the side of the brain that separates the frontal lobe from the temporal lobe.

Front 27

What is the proper name for a bump in the brain?

Back 27

Gyrus

Front 28

Where is the precentral gyrus?

Back 28

The section of the brain anterior to the central sulcus and runs horizontally across the brain; anterior to the postcentral gyrus.

Front 29

Where is the postcentral gyrus?

Back 29

The section of the brain posterior to the central sulcus and runs horizontally across the brain; posterior to the precentral gyrus.

Front 30

What feature does the pre- and post-central gyri span?

Back 30

Central sulcus.

Front 31

Name and locate the lobes of the brain.

Back 31

1) Frontal

2) Occipital

3) Temporal

4) Parietal

Front 32

What is the precentral gyrus responsible for?

Back 32

Voluntary movement

Front 33

What is the postcentral gyrus responsible for?

Back 33

Hosts the primary somatosensory cortex which is responsible for the sensation of touch.

Front 34

What does ECT stand for? What is ECT? What is its purpose?

Back 34

- Brief electrical shock applied to the head.

- Treatment for only the most serious forms of depression.

Front 35

Psychosurgery.

Back 35

Surgical removal or destruction of nerve pathways to influence behavior.

Front 36

Types of psychosurgeries.

Back 36

- Lobotomy

- Trepanation

- Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS)

Front 37

Lobotomy.

Back 37

Surgical incision into the frontal lobe of the brain to sever one or more nerve tracts.

Front 38

Trepanation.

Back 38

Boring a hole in the skull to get the ghosts out.

Front 39

Define DBS.

Back 39

Surgical implantation of subcortical electrodes that are activated by a "brain pacemaker".

Front 40

A human's resting membrane potential is around ______ mV.

Back 40

-70

Front 41

Major ions responsible for action potentials.

Back 41

- Na+

- K+

Front 42

There is more _____ ions inside the cell. There is more ___ ions outside of the cell.

Back 42

There is more K+ ions inside the cell. There is more Na+ ions outside of the cell.

*Note: "Ooo Na Na" song = bad connotation = Na+ being outside the cell.