Psychological Disorders

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Psychopathology

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The scientific study of mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders.

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Psychological Disorders (text)

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mental processes and/or behavior patterns that cause emotional distress and/or substantial impairment in functioning

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Psychological Disorders (alternate)

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A harmful dysfunction in which behavior is judged to be atypical, disturbing, maladaptive, and unjustifiable.

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Subjective discomfort

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personal, private feelings of discomfort or unhappiness

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Statistical Abnormality

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abnormality as determined by comparing test scores

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Situational Context

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assessment of situation or context of behavior exhibited

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Cultural Relativity

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perceptions/judgments made relative to cultural values. (Failure to communicate; consistently unpredictable)

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two core features of Abnormality

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Maladaptive Behavior, and Loss of ability to control one's thoughts

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Depression

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Most common disorder

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Psychosis Schizophrenia

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most severe form of Psychological disorders

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Insanity vs. Psychosis

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Insanity is a legal term (lawyer)
Psychosis is a psychiatric term (doctor)

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Neurosis Vs. Psychosis

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Neurosis is anxiety, psychosis is reality

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Neurosis

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manifested by high levels of self-defeating anxiety

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Psychosis

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most severe form of mental disorder loss of contact with reality

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SAD(stands for)

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Somataform, Anxiety, Dissociative

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SAD (used why)

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Neurosis is no longer a category

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Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

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DSM-IV

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Psychotic Disorders

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A severe mental disorder characterized by a retreat from reality, by hallucinations and delusions, and by social withdrawal.

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Substance related Disorders

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Disorders in which undesirable behavior changes result from substance abuse, dependence, or intoxication

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Mood Disorders

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Major disturbance of mood or emotion; depression or mania or both

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Anxiety Disorders

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Disruptive feelings of fear, apprehension, or anxiety and avoidance behavior.

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Somatoform Disorders

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Disorders in which physical symptoms are present that are psychological in origin rather than due to a medical condition

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Dissociative Disorders

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Temporary amnesia; multiple personality

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Personality Disorders

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Disorders characterized by long standing, inflexible maladaptive patterns of behavior beginning early in life and causing personal distress or problems in social and occupational functioning.

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Disorders in infancy, Childhood, adolescence

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Includes mental retardation, learning disorders, communication disorders, pervasive developmental disorders, attention-deficit and disruptive disorders, tic disorders, and elimination disorders.

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Sexual and gender Identity Disorders

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Any of a wide range of difficulties with sexual identity, deviant sexual behavior (paraphilia), or sexual adjustment.

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Schizophrenia

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A severe psychological disorder characterized by loss of contact with reality, hallucinations, delusions, inappropriate flat affect, some disturbances in thinking, social withdrawal, and.or other bizarre behavior.

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Alzheimer's disease

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fourth leading cause of death among adults in the U.S.

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Anxiety

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a response to an unclear or ambiguous threat; anticipation of harm

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Fear

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more focused an intense; a response to a clear or specific threat.

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Adjustment Disorders

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An emotional disturbance caused by ongoing stressors within the range of common experience. Usually occurs when ordinary stresses push people beyond their ability to cope with life.

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Anxiety Disorders

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Distress is typically out of proportion to actual circumstances and maladaptive behavior serves to reduce anxiety and discomfort

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Panic Disorder (W/O Agoraphobia)

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The person is in a chronic state of anxiety and also has brief moments of sudden, intense, unexpected panic

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Panic Disorder (with Agoraphobia)

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A chronic state of anxiety and brief moments of sudden panic. The person fears that these panic attacks happen to them if they leave the house or enter unfamiliar situations.

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Agoraphobia

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Fear of being out in the open, or exposed

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Generalized Anxiety Disorder

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Often jittery, tense, and apprehensive for no apparent reason. Must have experienced chronic, excessive worry for 6 months or more.

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Freefloating Anxiety

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Anxiety that is very general and pervasive

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Phobia

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A persistent, irrational fear of a specific object or situation

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Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

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a person has recurrent obsessions and/or compulsions

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obsession

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something that will not leave your head

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compulsion

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cleaning, counting, checking

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Stress Disorder

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A significant emotional disturbance caused by stresses outside the range of normal human experience.

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Acute stress disorder

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You are tormented for less than 1 month by the emotional aftereffects of horrible events you have experienced.

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Post Traumatic Stress Disorder

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You are tormented for more than 1 month by the emotional aftereffects of horrible events you have experienced

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two neurotransmitters associated with depression

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Norepinephrine and Serotonin

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Major Mood Disorder

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Approximately 14% of patients admitted to mental hospitals suffer from this

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Bipolar 1

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A mood disorder in which a person has episodes of mania (excited, hyperactive, energetic, grandiose behavior) and also periods of deep depression

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Bipolar 2

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A mood disorder in which a person is mostly depressed (sad, despondent, guilt ridden) but has also had one or more episodes of mild mania (hypomania)

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Dysthymia

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Moderately depressed mood on most days during the last two years

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Cyclothymia

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Moderate mania and moderate depression persisting for two years or more.

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Seasonal Affective Disorders (SAD)

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Mood disorder related to lack of sunlight during the winter months.

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Phototherapy

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a treatment for SAD using wide-spectrum fluorescent lights

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Delusions

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False beliefs held against all contrary evidence.

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Depressive

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Feel that they have committed an unforgivable sin or horrible crime.

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Somatic

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Believe that their body is “rotting away” or is emitting foul odors

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Grandeur

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Think that they are extremely important.

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Influence

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Feel that they are being controlled by others or unseen forces.

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Persecution

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Believe that other are “out to get them”; extreme suspicion

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Reference

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Assigning great personal meaning to unrelated events.

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Hallucinations

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imaginary sensations (hearing voices)

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Flat Affect

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show no emotional response at all, even though a person reports feeling the emotion

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Process Schizophrenia

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develops overtime

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Reactive Schizophrenia

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develops from severe shock

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Positive Symptoms

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Are the presence of inappropriate behaviors.

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Negative Symptoms

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Are the absence of appropriate behaviors.

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Disorganized Schizophrenia

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marked by extreme social withdrawal, hallucinations, delusions, silliness, inappropriate laughter, grotesque mannerisms, and other bizarre behavior.

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Paranoid Schizophrenia

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characterized by delusions of grandeur and persecution.

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Catatonic Schizophrenia

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Characterized by complete silliness or stupor or great excitement and agitation; patients may exhibit “waxy flexibility” an assume unusual posture and remain in it for long periods of time. (locked up stage/ angry stage)

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Undifferentiated Schizophrenia

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lacking the specific features of the above classifications.

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Residual Schizophrenia

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Withdrawal, after hallucinations and delusions have disappeared.

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Dopamine

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keeps you sane

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Over Attentions to Stimuli

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very focused

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Under Attention to Stimuli

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no focus

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Tardive Dyskinesia

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A neurological disorder associated with excessive use of major tranquilizers.

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recovery from schizophrenia

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greatest when the disorder develops rapidly in response to a stressful life situation.

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Conversion Disorder

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a person suffers a loss of motor or sensatory function in some part of the body. The loss has no physical cause but solves some psychological problem

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Glove Anesthesia

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The loss of sensitivity in the areas of the skin that would normally be covered by a glove.

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Dissociative Amnesia

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- there is a complete or partial loss of ability to recall personal information or identify past experiences

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Dissociative Fugue

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one has a complete loss of memory or one’s entire identity. Drive’s away from home and may assume a new identity

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Dissociative Identity Disorder

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two or more distinct, unique personalities occur in the same person, and there is sever memory disruption concerning personal information about the other personalities

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Antisocial personality disorder

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Is manipulative and seems to lack a conscience

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Dependent

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Lack confidence and are extremely submissive and dependent on others (clinging).

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Narcissistic

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Think they are wonderful, brilliant, important, and worthy of constant admiration

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Histrionic

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Are dramatic and flamboyant; exaggerate emotions to get attention from others

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Obsessive-Compulsive(personality)

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Demand order, perfection, control, and rigid routine at all times.

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Schizoid

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Feel very little emotion and can’t form close personal relationships with others.

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Avoidant

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Are timid, uncomfortable in social situations, and fear evaluation

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Borderline

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Self-image, moods, and impulses are erratic, and they are extremely sensitive to any hint of criticism, rejection, or abandonment by others.

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Paranoid

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Deeply distrust others and are suspicious of their motives

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Schizotypal

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Are loners, they engage in extremely odd behavior, and their thought patterns are bizarre, but they are not actively psychotic

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Sexual and gender identity disorders

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Any of a wide range of difficulties with sexual identity, deviant sexual behavior, or sexual adjustment.

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Sexual Dysfunctions

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persistent, recurrent, and distressing problems involving sexual desire, arousal, or the pleasure associated with sex or orgasm

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Gender Identity Disorder

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sexual disorder characterizes by a problem accepting ones identity as male or female.

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Paraphilia

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Sexual deviations that are considered to be compulsive and destructive

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Pedophilla

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Sex with children, or child molesting

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Fetishism

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Sexual arousal associated with inanimate objects

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Exhibitionism

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Flashing or displaying genitals to unwilling viewers

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Voyeurism

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“Peeping Tom” viewing genitals of others without permission

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Transvestic Fetishism

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Sexual arousal from wearing clothes of opposite sex

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Sexual Sadism

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Deriving sexual pleasure from inflicting pain

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Sexual Masochism

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Desiring pain as part of the sex act

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Frotteurism

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Sexually touching or rubbing against an unwilling person.