Psychological Disorders

Front 1

Infrequency of Behavior

Back 1

Behaviors which are displayed by a majority of people are considered normal. Statistical infrequency considers behavior that is rare and abnormal. Infrequency alone is not adequate to use.

Front 2

Personal Suffering

Back 2

Is it maladaptive or self-defeating? Using drugs and alcohol to make you feel better is maladaptive. The behaviors that are used are harmful.

Front 3

Norm Violation

Back 3

Is the behavior socially unacceptable? Norm violation may vary from culture to culture.

Front 4

Distorted Cognitions

Back 4

Abnormal behavior is usually the result of distorted cognitions. When an individual feels completely worthless. Body image issues.

Front 5

Neurobiological Model

Back 5

attributes abnormal behavior to the presence of biochemical, genetic or other physical problems

EX: Nora's doctor believes that her depression is caused by an imbalance of some neurotransmitter levels. Nora is taking an antidepressant to correct this physical problem.

Front 6

Psychological Model

Back 6

Views abnormal behavior is the result of mental processes

Front 7

Psychodynamic

Back 7

Freud believed that disorders were caused by unresolved, mostly conscious conflicts that begin in childhood

Front 8

Humanistic

Back 8

behavior disorders appear when a persons natural tendency toward healthy growing is blocked, usually by a failure to be aware of and to express true feelings

Front 9

Sociocultural

Back 9

looks for the influence of factors such as gender, social situations, cultural expectations and historical eras on behavior.

EX: The greater the tolerance for excessive drinking in men may make alcohol abuse more likely in men than in women

Front 10

Biopsychosocial

Back 10

Mental disorders are seen as caused by the combination and interaction of biological, psychological, sociocultural factors, each which contributes in varying degrees.

Front 11

Diathesis Stress Approach

Back 11

model recognizes the integration of a persons biological predisposition, environmental surroundings, and psychological factors in mental illness.
They have a high risk of becoming stressed easily

Front 12

DSM IV

Back 12

Axis I- lists descriptions of the major psychological disorders

Axis II lists mental retardation and personality disorders

Axis V-evaluates the highest level of adaptive functioning over the previous year

Axis IV-rates the level of stress experienced in the recent past

Front 13

Evaluating the DSM

Back 13

Two limitations to the DSM are reliability and interrater reliability, which means that two different professionals give the same person the same diagnostic lable.

Front 14

Anxiety Disorders

Back 14

characterized by fear that causes a disruption in a persons life.

Front 15

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Back 15

involves relatively mild but long lasting anxiety that is not focused on any object or situation.

EX: Leslie has had a feeling of vague apprehension for about six weeks and always feels as though something bad is going to happen to her. She cannot sleep and is constantly irritable and tired.

Front 16

Panic Disorder

Back 16

consists of attacks of extreme fear and panic that occur with no warning and no obvious cause. Symptoms include chest pain, dizziness, sweating and a feeling of faintness.

Front 17

Agoraphobia

Back 17

the fear of being alone or in a place where exit would be difficult.

EX: Eliza is afraid to leave her house. She cannot go shopping or out for an evening. She cannot hold a job or visit her friends and family.

Front 18

Social Phobia

Back 18

A fear of being negatively evaluated by others or of doing something so impulsive or outrageous that public humiliation will result.

Front 19

Specific Phobia

Back 19

fear of something specific such as heights, animals, etc.

Front 20

OCD

Back 20

involves an obsession with particular thoughts or images, which motivates repetitive, uncontrollable behaviors.

Front 21

Somatoform Disorder

Back 21

characterized by the presence of physical symptoms of illness in the absence of a physical cause.

Front 22

Somatization Disorder

Back 22

People frequently go to the doctor with vague complaints about a multitude of physical problems rather than any specific disease

Front 23

Hypochondriasis

Back 23

is an unjustified concern that one has a serious illness. A person with this disorder makes frequent visits to the doctor and will not be convinced that they are healthy.

Front 24

Dissociative Disorder

Back 24

involve a sudden and usually temporary disruption in a persons memory, consciousness or identity.

EX: Bill, lost in New York City, does not remember his name, address, or workplace. He cannot remember anything that will give him a clue to his identity.

Front 25

Dissociative Identity Disorder

Back 25

a condition in which a person reports having more than one identity, each of which speaks, acts and writes in different ways.

Front 26

Paranoid Personality Disorder

Back 26

unwanted feeling of persecution, people are out to get them, out to do them harm. They don’t trust people. They harbor feelings of being exploited, people are taking advantage of them. Appear and act suspicious. Usually act cold and stand offish.

Front 27

Dependent Personality Disorder

Back 27

clingy and submissive. Need other people around them to do things. Allows and wants other people to make major decisions for them. They fear people leaving them and go along with everything so that they do not upset anyone.

Front 28

Histrionic Personality Disorder

Back 28

Loves attention from others. They exaggerate every situation/stories in their lives. Ex: they see a spot on their skin and they are convinced that it is cancer. Ex of non-verbal attention is the way someone may dress, too much skin, too much make up, extreme hair.

Front 29

Narcissist Personality Disorder

Back 29

an extreme sense of self-importance. Accepts favors from everyone. Show a lack of care for others. Close to the histrionic.

Front 30

Antisocial Personality Disorder

Back 30

behavior is against society. Ex: Serial killer. Liar, con artist, selling defective goods. Pick on older vulnerable people or young naïve children.

Front 31

Mood Disorder

Back 31

mood swings that are inconsistent with environmental events

Front 32

Major Depressive Disorder

Back 32

involves feelings of sadness, hopelessness, inadequacy, worthlessness and guilt that persists for long periods.

Front 33

Suicide and Depression

Back 33

Females and the elderly have a higher incidence of suicide than the general population. Those who say that they are thinking about suicide are much more likely to attempt it than the general population.

Front 34

Bipolar Disorder

Back 34

is a form of mood disorder that involves extreme mood changes in which feelings of happiness are followed by severe depression

Front 35

Causes of Mood Disorders

Back 35

Biological Factors: Altered levels and possible dysregulation of neurotransmitters, changes in stress related hormone cortisol, abnormal biological rhythms, and genetic influences. This is strong evidence that bipolar disorders may be inherited

Psychological Factors: people with dependence issues, when positive reinforcements are lost, and negative mental habits.

Front 36

Schizophrenia Disorder

Back 36

May hear voices
-Split mind: what they are thinking is split from reality.
-Thinking is often times illogical
-Associations among ideas are without apparent pattern (they will be talking about one matter and then jump to something else and then something else) Ideas are disconnected
-Flight of ideas
-Hallucinations (spiders everywhere, sensory)
-Delusions (irrational false beliefs or ideas, they believe that they are someone that they aren’t)
-Emotions: they have no emotion, nothing there, absent/ emotions that are inappropriate for the situations
-Language: word salad, a lot of mixed up made up words/ may become mute

Front 37

Disorganized Schiz

Back 37

Inappropriate behavior and emotions
Bizarre
No theme, no coherent thought

Front 38

Paranoid Schiz

Back 38

Delusions (the thought that someone is out to get them)

Front 39

Catatonic Schiz

Back 39

Psycho motor involvement
They appear frozen and ridged

Front 40

Residual Schiz

Back 40

Applies to people who have had prior episodes of schizophrenia but are not currently displaying symptoms

Front 41

Undifferentiated Schiz

Back 41

patterns of disorder behavior though and emotion that do not fall easily into any other subtype

Front 42

Etiology

Back 42

the study of causes

Front 43

Substance related disorder

Back 43

long term drug use that causes physical or psychological harm to the user or others

Front 44

Mental Illness and the Law

Back 44

people with mental illness are protected in two ways against the law. First, a person who at the time of trial cannot understand the chargers or assist in the defense, they are said to be mentally incompetent. Second, the person can be found not guilty by reason of insanity if, at the time of the crime, mental illness prevented the defendant from understanding what they were doing or that the act was wrong

Front 45

Conversion Disorder

Back 45

a condition in which a person reports being blind, deaf, paralyzed, insensitive to pain or even pregnant, but is not.