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53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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ADHD
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5-7% of total school population is affected with ADHD
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ADHD
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Males to Females 6:1
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ADHD, dysfunction of what part of the brain?
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PFC, working memory and cognitive function (NE, DA)
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ADHD heritability?
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between schizophrenia and height
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Specific genes with ADHD?
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DRD4 on ch11, DAT1 on ch5, D2, Dopamine-beta-hydroxylase gene, noradernergic genes
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What lobe for ADHD?
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frontal lobe, executive functions
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Coexisting disorders with ADHD children?
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Tic, Conduct, Mood, Anxiety, ODD
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Coexisting disorders with ADHD in adults?
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Panic disorder, OCD, Dysthymia, Drug Abuse, Alcohol Abuse, Cuclothymia, GAD
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ODD
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conduct disorder to antisocial personality disorder (axis I to axis II)
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Depression symptoms in children?
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depressed affect, somatic complaints, separation anxiety, irritability
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Depression symptoms in teens?
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anhedonia, increased sleep, feelings of hopelessness, weight change
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Bipolar disorder prevalence in children?
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1-3%
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Bipolar before age 9
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irritable mood, labile
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Bipolar after age 9
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euphoria, gradiose thoughts, delusions and paranoia
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Manic and ADHD share?
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hyperactivity, pressured speech, distractibility
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Age of onset for OCD, child and adult?
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9.6, 19.8
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Phonic tic age of onset
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age 11
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ADHD+ Tics + OCD
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Tourette's
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Tourettes
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autosomal dominant transmission
begins age 5-10 tics wax and wane |
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Negative symptoms in childhood schizophrenia?
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poverty speech, avolition, apathy, flat affect
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Mental retardation
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IQ below 70, impaired adaptive functioning, onset before 18
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Mild MR
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IQ 50-70, 85%, 6th grade functioning, blending adult
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Moderate MR
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IQ 40-50, 10%, 2nd grade functioning, sheltered living
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Fragile X
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long face, prominent ears, macro-orchidism, 5% of MR is Fragile X
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Autism
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First and late born, close birth order <20 months, most are MR, MZ 3x higher than DZ
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Chemical/Neuro for Autism
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amygdala, hippocampus smaller, cerebellum has less purkinje cells, blood has less oxytocin
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Rett's Disorder
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after normal development (4 years), hand-wringing movements, microcephaly, MR, X-linked, GIRLS
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Childhood disintegrative disorder
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3-4 years of normal development, loss of skills, more common in BOYS
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Dream anxiety disorder (nightmare)
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late night, REM, recall, quickly become alert
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Sleep terror disorder (pavor nocturnus)
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non REM (stage 3,4), autonomic hyperarousal, early PM, not alert, no recall
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Wernicke-Korsakott
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thiamine (Vit B1) deficiency, wernicke's TRIAD: confusion, ataxia, opthalmoplegia
Korsakoff's: chronic phase, loss of short term memory |
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Delirium
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visual, tactile, gustatory, olfactory hallucinations
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Delirium sympathetic arousal
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Tachycardia, wide pulse pressure, dilated pupils, tremor
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Registration
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repeat the names of these three objects
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construction
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copy this design
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Aphasia
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language disturbance
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Apraxia
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inability to carry out motor activities despite intact motor function
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Agnosia
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failure to recognize or identify objects
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Dementia: impaired executive functioning
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planning, sequencing, abstracting
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Alzheimer's Dementia
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most common: 50-60%
female, down syndrome, depression, increases with age (20% over 85) |
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Alzheimers Etiology
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CH 1, CH 14: early onset
CH 21: downs CH 19 APOE4 (women) |
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Alzheimer's neurotransmitter changes
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decreased choline acetyltransferase, over stimulation of NMDA by glutamate
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Alzheimer's brain
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cortex/hippocampal atrophy
ventricles enlarge |
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Tangles
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Tau collapses, tracts fall apart, unable to move nutrients, CELL DEATH
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Early Stage, Alzheimers
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plaques and tangles, learning, memory, thinking, planning
symptoms undetected |
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Moderate stage, Alzheimers
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memory, thinking, planning
functioning problems, speech, spatial awareness personality changes |
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Severe Alzheimers
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most of cortex damaged, severe atrophy, lose ability to communicate/recognize self
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Dementia unlike delirium
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no impairment of alertness, no wax and wane (sundown), no autonomic arousal, not acute or reversible
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Vascular dementia
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second most common
15-30% abrupt onset, not acute STEPWISE |
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risk factors for vascular disease
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males 50-60 HTN, ASCVD, smoker
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Lewy bodies dementia
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brainstem, cortex, visual hallucinations and parkinsonism
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Pick's dementia
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Frontotemporal
disinhibition, language impairment |
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Huntingtons
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CH 4, striatal atrophy, middle age, choreoathetosis
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