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92 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The tendency to focus on just one feature of a problem, neglecting other important problems is called what?
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Centration
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The inability of a child to mentally undo something is called?
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Irreversibility
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The 1st phase of prenatal development (first two weeks after conception) is called what?
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Germinal Stage
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Eric Erikson’s developmental stages are organized by what?
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Psychosocial Crisis
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Which memory system is referred to as the working memory?
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Short Term Memory
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ROY G BIV is a name used to help remember the colors of the rainbow. This is called?
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Mnemonic Devices
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The lens of the eye does what?
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Bends light rays and focuses light on the retina
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Generally the 4 basic tastes are considered to be…
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Sweet, Salty, Sour, Bitter
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The sense that is associated with the perception of smell is called what?
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Olfaction
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The pre natal period refers to what?
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9 months before birth
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If an infant is temperamentally easy as an infant, what is the best prediction at the age of 10?
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Stays the same
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For Eric Erikson the 1st stage of development is called?
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Trust vs Mistrust
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What age does a infant first experience separation anxiety?
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6 - 8 months
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The 3rd stage of prenatal development is referred to as…
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Fetal Stage
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Infants who are shy, timid and weary….
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Inhibited
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The close, emotional bond of affection that develops between infants and their caregivers is called?
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Attachment
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Pavlov became interested when in laboratory he saw dogs doing what?
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Dogs salivating when they saw food
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Sleep apnea is characterized by what?
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Reflexive gasping of air during sleep
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Dreaming is associated with what stage of sleep?
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Stage 5 - REM
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What hormone is key rule in adjusting our biological clocks?
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Melatonin
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Bata waves dream, What stage is sleep?
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Stage 5
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According to Freud, an individual’s personality is largely determined by what?
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Forces in the unconscious
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In classical conditioning the stimulus that evokes an unconditioned response without previous conditioning is called what
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Unconditioned Stimulus
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The reinforcement of closer and closer approximations of a desired response is called….
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Shaping
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Negative reinforcements involve what?
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The removal of an aversive (unpleasant) stimulus
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When does simultaneous generalization occur?
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When an organism responds to stimuli other than the original stimulus in conditioning
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Operant conditioning is when?
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Voluntary responses come to be controlled by their consequences
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Continuous reinforcements occur when?
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Every occurrence of desired behavior occurs
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Initial stage of learning is called what?
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Acquisition
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Positive reinforcements involve what?
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Presentation of a rewarding stimulus
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According to the 5 Factor Personality Models, people who are punctual……….are
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Conscientiousness
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According to the 5 Factor Personality Model, people who are sympathetic…….are
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Agreeableness
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Type of memory system where information is stored is what?
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Sensory
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Mnemonic devices have been around since when?
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Ancient times
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What occurs when new information impairs the retention of previously learnt material?
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Retroactive Interference
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Fundamental attribution error refers to the tendency to do what?
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Favor internal attributes to explain other people’s behavior
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In order for a memory to be stored in must first be….
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Encoded
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Elaboration involves what?
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Linking stimulus to other information
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Narrow range of events
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Attention
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Recalling information from memory
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Retrieval
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DSM 4 uses 5 axes, what axis or axes is used to diagnose disorders
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Axes 1 and 2
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When does proactive interference occur?
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Previously learnt material interferes with the retention of new information
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Unusually vivid and detailed recollections of momentous events are called what?
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Flashbulb Memories
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Self referent encoding involves what?
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Making material to ……meaningful
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Major difference between phobic and generalized disorder is…
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Anxiety is specific, generalized is free floating
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Positive systems of schizophrenia are
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Behavior excesses such as hallucinations, delusions, and bizarre behavior
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Perceive stimuli that aren’t really there are
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Hallucinations
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Dissociation refers to what?
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Splitting off of mental processes into two separate, simultaneous streams of awareness
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Dependent variable in an experiment….
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Variable that changes value because of systemized change
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The experimental group consists of what
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Subjects who retrieve some special treatment in regard to the independent variable
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In Milgrim’s study of obedience, subjects were to do what?
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Deliver painful electric shocks
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Putting group goals ahead of personal goals is called what
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Collectivism
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The process of forming impressions of others is called
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Person Perception
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Belief that psychology should investigate the function of purpose of consciousness rather than its structure
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Functionalism
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Smoking behavior as being fixated at what stage?
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Oral
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Wilhalm Wundt believed psychology should be focused on what?
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Awareness of the immediate experiences
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What kinds of attitudes are quickly and readily available?
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Highly accessible
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John B. Watson……………………..
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Psychology and behaviorism
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Id is to pleasure principal as ego is to
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Reality principal
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According to John B Watson behavior is governed primarily by what?
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Environment
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What are the 5 stages of psychosexual behavior in order
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Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency, Genital
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Freud developed……………….
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Psychoanalysis
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The school of psychology that focuses on identifying the fundamental components of the conscious experience
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Structuralism
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Key concept in the Freudism is called what
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Conflict in the unconscious
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Conscious includes awareness of what
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Internal sensation, external events, and the self
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Agoraphobia is the fear of what
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Public places
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Thoughts that repeatedly intrude one’s consciousness in a distressing way
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Obsessions
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On the DSM 4 personality and development are on what axis or axes
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Axis 2
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Organized cluster of knowledge about a particular object of event
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Schemas
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Organized clusters of ideas about categories of social events and people
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Social Schemas
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What is the bystander effect?
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People that are less likely to provide needed help when they are in groups than when they are alone
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Social loafing refers to what
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Reduction in effort by individuals when they work in groups as compared to when they work by themselves
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Widely held beliefs that people have certain characteristics because of their membership in a particular group
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Stereotypes
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Putting personal goals ahead of group goals and defining one’s identity in term of personal attributed rather than group membership
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Individualism
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All personality disorders are characterized by what
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Extreme or abnormal personality trains
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On DSM 4 disorders of mood is in what axis
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Axis 1
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When an individual has a phobia the irrational fear is due to what
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Conditioned Response
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Which neurotransmitter has need implicated in mood disorders?
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Serotonin
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A person who checks his alarm clock 20 times before bed is said to have
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Compulsions
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What are the negative symptoms of schizophrenia?
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Flattered emotions, social withdraw, apathy, impaired attention, and poverty in speech
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What is the condition that is characterized by an individual’s troublesome anxiety?
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Panic Disorder
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A generalized anxiety disorder maybe characterized by what
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Trembling, muscle tension, diarrhea, dizziness, faintness, sweating and heart palpitations
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What school of psychology is most responsible for the rise in animal research?
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Behaviorism
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The term used by William James…………..
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Stream of Consciousness
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Which school of psychology takes the most optimistic……
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Humanistic
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Processes of suppressing distressing thoughts buried in the unconscious is known as what?
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Repression
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What is it called when an adult goes to immature childish patterns of behavior
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Regression
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An independent variable in an experiment is referred to what?
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Deliberately controlled be experimenter
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Final steps in a scientific investigation is what
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Report findings
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What is a hypothesis?
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Tentative statement about the relationship between two or more variables
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When subjects are administered a series of written questions designed to obtain information about their behavior
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Questionnaire
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Erik Erikson’s toilet training is in what stage?
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Autonomy vs. Shame and guilt
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