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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Statistics |
use of mathematics to organize, summarize, and interpret numerical data |
math, data |
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Descriptive Statistics |
used to organize and summarize data |
math, data, specificity |
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Median |
score that falls exactly in the center of a distribution of scores |
middle |
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Mean |
arithmetic average of the scores in a distribution |
divide |
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Mode |
most frequent score in a distribution |
often |
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Variability |
how much the scores in a set vary from each other and from the mean |
varies, mean |
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Standard deviation |
index of amount of variability in a set of data |
variability |
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Correlation |
exists when 2 variables are correlated to each other |
2 variables |
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Correlation coefficient |
numerical index of the degree of relationship between 2 variables (Indicates direction (+ or -) of relationship AND how strongly the 2 variables are related) |
index of relationship |
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Inferential Statistics |
used to interpret data and draw conclusions |
interpret |
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Statistical significance |
very low (.05) probability that observed findings are due to chance |
are the findings due to chance? |
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Replication |
repetition of a study to see whether earlier results are duplicated |
replicate it |
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Meta-analysis |
combines statistical results of many studies of the same question, yielding an estimate of the size and consistency of a variable’s effects |
merge different analyses to... |
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Sampling Bias |
when a sample isn’t representative of the population from which it was drawn |
not enough data |
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Sample |
collection of subjects selected for observation in an empirical study |
collection of subjects |
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Population |
much larger collection of animals/people from which the sample is drawn that researchers want to generalize about |
almost everything |
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Placebo Effects |
occur when subjects’ expectations lead them to experience some change even though they receive empty/fake/ineffectual treatment |
expectations vs fake treatment |
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Social Desirability Bias |
tendency to give socially approved answers to questions about oneself |
to look good in society's eyes |
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Response Set |
tendency to respond to questions in a particular way that is unrelated to the content of the question |
set response |
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Experimenter Bias |
when a researcher’s expectations/preferences about the outcome of a study influence the results obtained |
the experimenter is biased |
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Double-blind procedure |
research strategy in which neither subjects nor experimenters know which subjects are in the experimental or control groups |
both are blind |
