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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Glial cells |
Support system of neurons Makes repairs |
1 trillion |
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Neurons |
A specialized cell transmitting nerve impulses |
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Interneuron |
Process information between sensory input and motor output |
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Sensory neurons |
Carry messages from body's tissues and senses to CNS for processing |
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Motor neurons |
Carry messages from CNS to body's tissues |
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Cell body |
The cells life support center |
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Dendrites |
Receive messages from other cells |
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Axon |
Passes messages away from the cell body to other neurons |
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Terminal branches of axon |
Passes messages away from cell body to other cells |
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Myelin sheath |
Covers the axon, some of the neurons and helps speed neural impulses |
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Action potential |
A neural impulse the travels down the axon like a wave |
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Synapse |
A gap between the terminal branches of one neuron and dendrites of another |
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Excitatory neurotransmitters |
Stimulate an action potential in the second neuron |
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Inhibitory |
Make it difficult for the second neuron to conduct an action potential |
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Serotonin |
Affects mood, hunger and arousal Undersupply: depression |
Undersupply: depress mood & ADHD |
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Dopamine |
Influences movement, learning, attention Oversupply: schizophrenia Undersupply: Tremors, parkinsons & ADD |
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Acetylcholine (ACh) |
enables muscle action, learning and memory Neurons deteriorate as Alzheimer's progress |
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Norepinephrine |
Helps control alertness and arousal |
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Gamma-aminobutyric |
A major inhibitory transmitter Undersupply: seizures, tremors and insomnia |
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Central nervous system |
Consists of brain and spinal cord |
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Peripheral nervous system |
Nerves outside of CNS carry info to CNS |
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Autonomic nervous system |
Control self regulated action of internal organs and glands Sympathetic- fight or flight Parasympathetic- rest/digest |
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Somatic nervous system |
Controls voluntary movements of skeletal muscles |
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Hippocampus |
Emotion & memory Elongated ridges on the floor of each lateral ventricle of the brain |
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Amygdala |
Experiencing emotions Almond shaped mass of gray matter inside each cerebral hemisphere |
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Hypothalamus |
Controls: body temperature, thirst, sleep and emotional activity Region of the forebrain below the thalamus that coordinates both the autonomic nervous system and the pituitary |
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Cerebellum |
The part of the brain at the back of the skull Coordinated and regulates muscular activity |
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Reticular formation |
Plays a central role in states of conciousness |
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Corpus callosum |
Allows communication between two hemispheres of the brain |
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