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72 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Which of these was not an event at the 2005 U.S. Memory Championship?
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B) Memorizing 1000 digits of pi, starting at a random place |
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How did memory grand master Ed Cooke describe photographic memory when Foer asked him if he had it?
C) it must be developed with practice D) it's a horrendous burden |
A) it's a detestable myth |
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Which of these is not a synonym for "memory palace"?
B) journey method C) method of loci D) acrostic |
D) acrostic |
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Which artist painted Persistence of Memory?
B) Salvador Dalí C) Vincent van Gogh D) Max Earnst |
B) Salvador Dalí |
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What was the subject of Fechner's book that Ebbinghaus found in Paris?
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D) experimental methods for studying sensory perception |
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How much of the list he had learned did Ebbinghaus find that he had forgotten after nine hours?
B) 40% C) 60% D) 80% |
C) 60% |
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At what age does problems with word recall typically begin?
B) in your fifties C) in your sixties D) in your seventies |
B) in your fifties |
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After a delay of a week, what type of memories of a particular day's activity at work do you have?
C) a fairly detailed memory of most events D) a detailed memory of all unusual events |
A) a general description of a typical day |
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What is benign senescent forgetting?
C) a type of forgetting brought on by trauma D) memory loss due to inattention |
A) the normal decline of memory with aging |
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Which is not a standard characteristic of the brain of an Alzheimer's patient?
B) senile plaques C) deposits of amyloid D) neurofibrillary tangles |
A) precancerous tumors |
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What prompted the neurosurgeon to operate on HM?
B) a stroke C) an aneurysm D) a tumor |
A) epilepsy |
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According to fMRI studies, activity in which parts of the brain determine how long a memory lasts?
C) parietal lobes and cerebellum D) frontal lobes and parahippocampal gyrus |
D) frontal lobes and parahippocampal gyrus |
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What can be predicted by tests of the phonological loop?
C) likelihood of developing dementia D) vividness of imagery |
A) ease of vocabulary acquisition |
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KF was presented as a counterpoint to HM. What was KF's numerical digit span?
B) 5 C) 7 D) 15 |
A) 1 |
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How long did Willem Wagenaar keep his diary before beginning to test himself?
B) 1 year C) 2 years D) 4 years or more |
D) 4 years or more |
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What hormone seems to be related to transience in memory?
B) estrogen C) oxytocin D) insulin |
B) estrogen |
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What is the name for merging items into meaningful units (e.g., merging the twelve items FBITWASUVNPR into four items FBI-TWA-SUV-NPR)?
B) blending C) partitioning D) abbreviating |
A) chunking |
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What is the maximum number of dots that are actually used in a Braille letter?
B) 6 C) 8 D) 10 |
B) 6 |
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According to studies, the longest memory span is measured using which of the following stimuli?
B) nonsense syllables C) letters D) digits |
D) digits |
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What is the name of the area of psychology that studies human intelligence and information processing?
B) neuropsychology C) cognitive psychology D) clinical psychology |
C) cognitive psychology |
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Which type of memory both stores and simultaneously processes information?
B) implicit memory C) sensory memory D) working memory |
D) working memory |
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What explanation has Baddeley given for why Chinese people are usually faster and more accurate at solving math problems?
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C) Chinese numbers have a shorter pronunciation time, so require less processing capacity leading to faster solutions |
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In Baddeley's working memory model, what is the name of the slave system where information is rehearsed in a verbal form?
B) the articulatory loop C) the central executive D) the short-term store |
B) the articulatory loop |
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What is the difference between Shiffrin and Atkinson's short-term memory and Baddeley's working memory?
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A) short-term memory was just for storage, working memory is for both storage and processing |
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In Baddeley's working memory model, what is the name of the slave system that maintains information by representing a word or picture in a visual manner?
B) the articulatory loop C) the central executive D) the short-term store |
A) the visuo-spatial sketchpad |
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What type of memory is demonstrated by the image of the flash left after someone takes a flash photo?
B) echoic C) haptic D) olfactory |
A) iconic |
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In perceptual scan experiments such as Sperling's experiment, what was the average number of items reproduced in the Full Report condition when people very briefly viewed a 3 x 3 matrix of items?
B) 3.5 C) 4 D) 4.5 |
D) 4.5 |
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How long does the echo last in tests of echoic memory?
B) 2 seconds C) 4 seconds D) indefinitely, if there are no other sounds |
C) 4 seconds |
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What was the task in the original Brown-Peterson experiment?
B) count backwards by threes from some number C) detect a tone in the midst of white noise D) detect a "toh" syllable among "doh" syllables
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B) count backwards by threes from some number |
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Why was an intervening task considered necessary in the Brown-Peterson task?
C) to prevent rehearsal D) to disrupt the visuo-spatial sketchpad |
C) to prevent rehearsal |
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Which of the following disrupt the visual sketchpad's ability to remember figures?
B) identifying a "toh" syllable among "doh" syllables C) detecting a tone in white noise D) viewing static on the computer screen |
D) viewing static on the computer screen |
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What is evidence that interference is a major cause of forgetting?
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C) the more similar the intervening task is to the information you are trying to hold in memory, the more you forget |
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What is the name given to the effect in which the likelihood a piece of information will be remembered is based on where in the list it appears?
B) modality effect C) serial position effect D) encoding specificity effect |
C) serial position effect |
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What is the tendency to best remember the last few items in a list because these items are still in STM (short-term memory)?
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A) recency effect |
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According to Pavio's work on imageability of words, which of these words would be easier to remember?
B) reality C) beauty D) horse |
D) horse |
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What is the name for the tendency to best remember the first few items on a list?
B) word superiority effect C) lexigraphic effect D) primacy effect |
D) primacy effect |
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According to legend, when was the art of memory born?
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A) when the first person painted a picture on the wall of a cave in Chauvet-Pont-d'Arc |
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What are the two metaphors that Plato used for memory?
B) sieve and palace C) scribe and library D) cave and cow's stomach |
A) wax tablet and aviary |
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From what roots did psychology originate?
C) physics and epistemology D) theology and etymology |
B) physiology and philosophy |
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Which of the following is an example of the type of study done in psychophysics?
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D) examining the relationship between the weight of an object and the amount of weight that must be added for the subject to detect a difference |
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Which type of memory was Jevon's studying with the black beans on the white box?
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A) iconic memory |
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Which tradition of studying memory originated with Ebbinghaus' work?
B) verbal learning C) Bartlett's schemas D) information processing |
B) verbal learning |
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From what area did the Gestalt psychologists transfer their findings to memory?
B) development C) perception D) psychophysics |
C) perception |
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What Gestalt principle is illustrated by this figure?
A) similarity B) continuation C) anomally D) closure |
D) closure |
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What is a schema?
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B) a mental structure that represents some aspect of the world |
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Which of these is not one of the three components of memory that were recognized when the information age started?
B) storage C) processing D) retrieval |
C) processing |
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Which of the following is not a purpose of a scientific model?
C) anticipate events D) encourage reasoning |
A) provide an exact replica of the subject |
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Which type of sensory memory has the longest duration?
B) echoic C) heptic D) episodic |
B) echoic |
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In a Depth of Processing study, what type of encoding is assumed for the question "Does the word dog correctly complete the sentence 'Betty works out at the _________'"?
B) semantic C) graphemic D) orthographic |
B) semantic |
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Which of the following was part of the Atkinson Shiffrin Information-Processing Model of memory?
B) procedural memory C) short-term memory D) implicit memory |
C) short-term memory |
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What is the feature of the Baddeley and Hitch Model of memory that sets it apart from other models?
B) short-term memory C) long-term memory D) working memory |
D) working memory |
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Where in the Baddeley and Hitch Model of Memory does rehearsal of auditory stimuli occur?
A) in the central executive C) in the phonological loop D) in the episodic buffer
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C) in the phonological loop |
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Which memory system would contain your memories of how to cut with scissors?
B) explicit C) episodic D) declarative |
A) implicit |
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Which memory system would contain your knowledge of how to punctuate a sentence?
B) implicit C) semantic D) working |
C) semantic |
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Which of the following is not one of the three major types of study?
B) relational C) descriptive D) causal |
A) psychoanalytic |
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Some students in my class conducted a survey on self-esteem. What type of study was this?
B) causal C) descriptive D) statistical |
C) descriptive |
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What book may have provided Ebbinghaus with inspiration for using nonsense syllables as his stimuli?
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B) "Elemente der Psychophysik" by Gustuv Fechner |
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What type of memory has been studied using a random dot stereogram?
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D) eidetic |
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Which group is most likely to have eidetic memory?
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C) children |
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What type of memory is superior in people with hyperthymestic syndrome?
B) autobiographical C) semantic D) implicit |
B) autobiographical |
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Which of these was not true of Kim Peek, who was the source of Dustin Hoffman's character in the movie "Rainman"?
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D) he had an IQ over 140 |
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A person who uses a device such as a memory palace to accomplish feats of memory is
B) a mnemonist C) a savant D) hyperthymestic |
B) a mnemonist |
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Temple Grandin is autistic and has
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D) designed over 50% of all facilities in the cattle industry. |
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When Daphne hears the word "couch," she tastes licorice. Many words are associated with tastes for her. What is the name for her condition?
B) prosopagnosia C) anosmia D) synesthesia |
D) synesthesia |
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Luria studied "S," for many years. What of the following was not a problem for S?
C) reading while eating D) remembering long lists of nonsense syllables |
D) remembering long lists of nonsense syllables |
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Smilek et al. found a student in a class who excelled at digit span. Which of these was not a condition in the experiment subsequently conducted on the student?
B) congruent color digits C) incongruent color digits D) black digits |
A) white digits on black |
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Who is credited with first noting in writing that people can generally repeat no more than seven to ten figures of letters?
B) Joseph Jacobs C) Francis Galton D) Oliver W. Holmes |
D) Oliver W. Holmes |
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. In a memory span task, why would you expect letters with different sounds to be recalled better than letters with the same sound (that rhyme with each other)?
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B) Short-term memory relies primarily on acoustic encoding. |
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According to Turner and Engle, the highest correlations with measures of comprehension such as SAT scores are found with
B) sentence digit span. C) operation word span. D) letter span. |
C) operation word span. |
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What was the independent variable in Schacter's affiliation experiment?
B) affiliation C) strength of preference D) random assignment |
A) fear |
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What was the dependent variable in the Visual Search ZAP?
C) response time D) type of search |
C) response time |
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How did our results in the Serial Position ZAP differ from the expected results?
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C) both A and B |
