Psy101 Mod 6

Front 1

Behaviorism

Back 1

The idea that behavior is not the result of internal processes but rather a complex set of responses to a person's environment.

Front 2

Behavior Analysis

Back 2

The science of altering the environment to increase or decrease the likelihood of different behaviors

Front 3

Behavior

Back 3

The activity of living organisms and it always occurs for a reason; talking, hand gestures, and eye movement are all included

Hint 3

In science behavior is actually neutral even though we generally see it as negative.

Front 4

measurable

Back 4

Behavior is... observable, __________, and never occurs in isolation.

Front 5

Being good or bad, nice or mean, really or really good or bad, naughty, flopping, upset, angry, etc.

Back 5

In defineing behavior, we need to be clear in our definitions. Bad examples of behavioral definitions can include...

Front 6

Getting mad is something you cannot prove so instead:

Jonny has screamed for about 2 minutes at a time, 5 times this week when I told him to clean up his toys.

Back 6

Instead of: Jonny keeps getting mad when he doesn't get his own way.

Front 7

1. Yes

2. No (can't measure)

3. No

4. Yes

5. No (could be rewritten to eyes are not focused)

6. No

7. Yes

Back 7

Behavior or non-behavior?

1. Coloring

2. Daydreaming

3. Being in control

4. Writing the answer to an equation

5. Not listening

6. Knowing the answer

7. Humming

Front 8

Learning

Back 8

Conditioned is another word for ___________.

Front 9

conditioned stimulus

Back 9

1.) Mike and Jeff are brothers who have just moved with their parents into a beautiful old house. Mike soon discovers that if he flushes the toilet while Jeff is taking a shower, it will cause the water in the shower to become scalding hot. Naturally, Jeff screams as his reflexes cause him to leap backward in pain. After Mike has repeated this procedure several times, Jeff has begun to twitch involuntarily every times he hears any toilet flush. In this example, the sound of the flushing toilet would be the ___________________.

Front 10

unconditioned response

Back 10

2.) Mike and Jeff are brothers who have just moved with their parents into a beautiful old house. Mike soon discovers that if he flushes the toilet while Jeff is taking a shower, it will cause the water in the shower to become scalding hot. Naturally, Jeff screams as his reflexes cause him to leap backward in pain. After Mike has repeated this procedure several times, Jeff has begun to twitch involuntarily every times he hears any toilet flush. In this example, jumping backward to the pain of the scalding water would be the ______________________.

Front 11

Conditioned stimulus

Back 11

3.) Every time Lisa's dog heard the sound of the electric can opener he began to salivate because he associated the sound with the food. In this example, the sound of the can opener is a ____________.

Front 12

getting sick due to the stomach virus

Back 12

4.) Although Sydney was not feeling very well, she went to her favorite Chinese restaurant for lunch. After eating the food, she became very sick. Upon going to the doctor, she found out that it was a stomach virus that had made her sick, not the food. However, the next time she went to the Chinese restaurant and smelled the food, she immediately felt nauseous. In this story, the unconditioned response (UR) was ______________.

Front 13

unconditioned stimulus (US)

Back 13

5.) Mollie loved to eat her grandmother’s pecan pie. However, as her grandmother got older, she had difficulty picking out all the pecan shells, so some of the pieces got cooked into the pie. When Mollie would bite into a piece of pecan shell in the pie, she would grab her jaw in pain. After several visits eating “pecan-shell” pie, Mollie would grab her jaw before she even put a bite of pie in her mouth. The pain (of biting a pecan shell) is the _________________.

Front 14

conditioned stimulus (CS)

Back 14

6.) Mina is 10 years old and is undergoing chemotherapy. When she goes into the treatment center for her fourth treatment, Mina experiences nausea before the treatment even begins. Her nausea had been triggered by the sight of the treatment room. In this example, the treatment room was the _____________________.

Front 15

conditioned stimulus

Back 15

7.) After repeatedly pairing the appearance of a nurse in green scrubs with the painful experience of getting a vaccination, the patient will react with fear every time they see a nurse in green scrubs enter the room. The nurse in the green scrubs in the example is a(n) ______________________.

Front 16

the popping sound is an unconditioned response

Back 16

8.) At a party, a friend of yours keeps popping balloons with a lighted cigarette. By the time he is about to pop the fifth balloon, you notice that your muscles tense and you squint each time the cigarette nears the balloon. Obviously, _____________________________.

Front 17

unconditioned stimulus

Back 17

9.) Michael is 12 years old and is undergoing chemotherapy treatment. After his first chemotherapy treatment, Michael experienced nausea and vomiting. After several treatments, Michael now experiencing anticipatory nausea as soon as he enters the treatment room and before he receives the chemotherapy. In this classical conditioning example, Michael’s initial chemotherapy treatment would be considered the ___________________.

Front 18

conditioned response (CR)

Back 18

10.) Michael is 12 years old and is undergoing chemotherapy treatment. After his first chemotherapy treatment, Michael experienced nausea and vomiting. After several treatments, Michael now experiencing anticipatory nausea as soon as he enters the treatment room and before he receives the chemotherapy. In this classical conditioning example, Michael’s anticipatory nausea when entering the treatment room would be considered a(n)___________________.

Front 19

shaping

Back 19

To teach a child to eat spaghetti neatly, you would reinforce initial responses, such as holding the fork, and then reinforce increasingly closer approximations to the final response, a procedure known as __________.

Front 20

Positive reinforcement

Back 20

Something was added (+) to increase a target behavior; might be good or bad

Front 21

Negative reinforcement

Back 21

Something was removed (-) to increase a target behavior; not punishment

Hint 21

The snooze button

Front 22

Type 1 Punishment

Back 22

When something is added (+) that is unpleasant

Hint 22

Speeding and getting a ticket

Front 23

Type 2 Punishment

Back 23

Something removed to decrease a target behavior

Hint 23

Common with parent child; breaking curfew means losing your phone

Front 24

subtraction

Back 24

There will always be the addition (+) or _____________ (-) and the with reinforcement we're gonna see an increase in behavior and with punishment we will see a decrease in behavior.

Front 25

Associative learning

Back 25

_____________ occurs when an organism makes connections between stimuli or events that occur together in the environment.

Front 26

unconscious; conscious

Back 26

Classical conditioning tends to involve ____________ processes, operant conditioning tends to involve ______________ processes, and observational learning adds social and cognitive layers to all the basic associative processes, both conscious and unconscious.

Front 27

Ivan Pavlov

Back 27

(1849–1936), a Russian scientist, performed extensive research on dogs and is best known for his experiments in classical conditioning

Front 28

stimulus

Back 28

elicits a reflexive response in an organism

Front 29

neutral

Back 29

The tone was the __________ stimulus (NS), which is a stimulus that does not naturally elicit a response. Prior to conditioning, the dogs did not salivate when they just heard the tone because the tone had no association for the dogs.

Front 30

acquisition

Back 30

In classical conditioning, the initial period of learning is known as ___________, when an organism learns to connect a neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus.

Front 31

Rescorla-Wagner model

Back 31

Rescola and Wagner developed a mathematical formula that could be used to calculate the probability that an association would be learned given the ability of a conditioned stimulus to predict the occurrence of an unconditioned stimulus and other factors; today this is known as the _______________

Front 32

conditioned; unconditioned

Back 32

In Tiger’s case, imagine what would happen if you stopped using the electric can opener for her food and began to use it only for human food. Now, Tiger would hear the can opener, but she would not get food. In classical conditioning terms, you would be giving the __________ stimulus, but not the _____________ stimulus.

Front 33

Extinction

Back 33

__________ is the decrease in the conditioned response when the unconditioned stimulus is no longer presented with the conditioned stimulus.

Front 34

spontaneous recovery

Back 34

The behavior of Pavlov’s dogs and Tiger illustrates a concept Pavlov called ____________: the return of a previously extinguished conditioned response following a rest period

Front 35

stimulus discrimination and stimulus generalization

Back 35

Acquisition and extinction involve the strengthening and weakening, respectively, of a learned association. Two other learning processes—_________________ and ___________________—are involved in determining which stimuli will trigger learned responses.

Front 36

Behaviorism

Back 36

_______________ is a school of thought that arose during the first part of the 20th century, which incorporates elements of Pavlov’s classical conditioning

Front 37

fixed interval

Back 37

Gus receives a paycheck every week. Which reinforcement schedule is this?