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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Evolutionary Psychology
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Kin selection:help to ensure survival of genes
Reciprocity norm: if help now, they will help in future social norm: promotes norm of helping; successful society |
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Social Exchange Theory
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maximize rewards and minimize costs; help to reduce own stress
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Empathy-Altruism Hypothesis
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when feel empathy for person, we help for purely altruistic reasons; help to reduce other's distress
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altruistic personality
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qualities that cause individual to help others in various situations.
males=chivalrous and heroic females=nurturant and caring |
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cultural altruism
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interdependent cultures: people more likely to help in-group members
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mood effects/altruism
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being in good mood inc. help b/c: 1.makes us look on bright side 2.way of prolonging good mood 3.increases self-attention
feeling bad inc.helping (negative-state relief hypothesis=ppl help in order to alleviate own sadness and distress) |
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urban overload hypothesis
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living in cities->constantly in stimulation, keep to selves and avoid being overwelmed by it
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bystander effect
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the more # of bystanders, the less likely they are to help
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5 steps to getting help
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1.notice event
2.interpret event as emergency 3.assume responsibility 4.knowing how to help 5.deciding to help |
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pluralistic ignorance
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bystanders assume nothing is wrong b/c nobdy else looks concerned
"i'm not concerned b/c they are not concerned" |
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diffusion of responsibility
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bystanders' sense of responsibilty to help dec. as the # of witness inc.
"others can help" |
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communal vs. exchange relationships
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communal: primary concern=welfare of other person, less concerned w/ awards
exchange: concern=equity, what you put in equals what you get out |
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how to increase helping
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Education
Increasing volunteerism (mandatory volunteerism) Religiosity Good Samaritan laws Positive psychology |
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when helping=negative
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over-help=can inhibit person from learning (ex.parents helping hw too much)
inequitable help=helping more than you can help back; defy reciprocity norm assumptive help=help when do not ask for it and no evidence that you need it |
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advertising
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Promotes aggression
Objectifies Passive body language Silencing women Adults portrayed as girls & girls as sex objects Devalues feminine qualities Trivializes violence Lack of racial representation |
