Principles Of Biology Ch. 8

Front 1

Asexual and sexual reproduction differ in that sexual reproduction

Back 1

Can produce great variation among the offspring

Front 2

Within one chromosome, what is the relationship between the sequence of bases in DNA of one sister chromatid compared to the other?

Back 2

The sequences are identical!

Front 3

A cell replicates its entire chromosomal DNA only___

Back 3

Before it is about to divide

Front 4

Bacteria divide by:

Back 4

Binary fission

Hint 4

Prokaryotes are single celled with a single circular chromosome with no nucleus, it is attached to the cell membrane, which is replicated

Front 5

Events of Mitosis

Back 5

Miotic spindle forming, sister chromatids are centered, chromosome separation,nuclear envelope formation

Front 6

Phases of mitosis

Back 6

Interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase and cytokenesis

Hint 6

IPMAT

Front 7

True or False. Mitosis takes place during M phase of the cell cycle, which is longer than interphase

Back 7

False; mitosis does take place in M phase, but M phase is shorter than interphase

Front 8

Anaphase begins when

Back 8

The paired centromeres of easch chromosome separate, liberating the sister chromatids

Front 9

In the telophase, the miotic spindle breaks down and the chromatin uncoils. This is essentially the opposite of what happens in

Back 9

The Prophase. During the prophase, we observe the formation of the spindle, the condensation of chromatin, and the disappearance of the nucleolus

Front 10

The kinetochores are

Back 10

Sites at which microtubules attach to chromosomes

Front 11

In animal cell mitosis, the cleavage furrow forms during

Back 11

Cytokinesis

Front 12

The cleavage furrow

Back 12

Pinches the cell in two

Front 13

In many organisms, including humans, chromosomes are found in homologous pairs. Homologous chromosomes___

Back 13

Are identical in the arrangement of their genes, but some versions of the genes may differ between the chromosomes

Front 14

How many pairs of autosomes do humans have?

Back 14

22 pairs of autosomes and one pair of sex chromosomes

Front 15

After fertilization, the zygote begins to divide by...

Back 15

Mitosis! Ensures that all somatic cells receive copies of the parental chromosomes

Front 16

Crossing over occurs during which phase of meiosis?

Back 16

Prophase 1

Crossing over that results in genetic recombination

Front 17

During anaphase 2

Back 17

Sister chromatids separate and migrate toward opposite poles

Front 18

Synapsis occurs during

Back 18

Prophase 1

Front 19

Synapsis is

Back 19

The pairing of homologous chromosomes

Front 20

In a cell containing 10 chromosomes, meiosis results in the formation of daughter cells containing ___ chromosomes

Back 20

5

Hint 20

Haploid sex cell

Front 21

Haploid sex cells contain

Back 21

Half as many chromosomes as diploid somatic cells

Hint 21

Hap is to ___ as dip is to double

Front 22

In meiosis 2

Back 22

Sister chromatids are separated

Hint 22

The reason why meiosis 2 resembles mitosis...

Front 23

The function of meiosis is to make___

Back 23

Four cells with a haploid number of chromosomes

Front 24

Mitosis and cytokinesis result in the formation of ____; meiosis and cytokenesis result in the formation of ____

Back 24

Two diploid cells; 4 haploid cells

Front 25

Which of the following indicates Turner syndrome?

Back 25

XO

Front 26

A fragment of chromosome 21 reattaches to chromosome 21, but in the reverse direction. What is the name given to this change?

Back 26

Inversion

Front 27

During meiosis, homologous chromosomes sometimes "stick together" and do not separate properly. This phenomenon is known as...

Back 27

Nondisjunction

Front 28

Crossing over is important because it...

Back 28

Allows the exchange of genes between homologous chromosomes...

By combining DNA from two parents into a single chromosome, crossing over is an important source of genetic variation is sexual life cycles.

Front 29

Without crossing over,

Back 29

Genetic recombination could not occur

Front 30

Which of the following statements regarding genetic diversity is false?

- genetic diversity is enhanced by random fertilization

- genetic diversity is enhanced by independent orientation of chromosomes at metaphase 1

- genetic diversity is enhanced by mitosis

- genetic diversity is enhanced by crossing over during meiosis

Back 30

Genetic diversity is enhanced by mitosis

Front 31

The process by which the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell divides to produce two cells is called

Back 31

Cytokinesis

Front 32

A cell that has a cell wall is undergoing cell division, and the following events are observed: the formation of a cell plate and the division of the cell into two daughter cells. What type of cell is being observed and what process(es) is it going through?

Back 32

Plant cell; telophase and cytokenesis of mitosis

Front 33

Independent orientation of chromosomes at metaphase 1 results in an increase in the number of

Back 33

Possible combinations of characteristics

Front 34

Karyotyping

Back 34

Can reveal alterations in chromosome numbers

Front 35

Which of the following occurs during interphase?

- a reduction in the size of the nuclear membrane

- cytokenesis

- cell growth and duplication of the chromosomes

- separation of newly formed DNA to opposite ends of the cell

Back 35

Cell growth and duplication of the chromosomes

Front 36

During what phase of mitosis does the nuclear envelope reform?

Back 36

Telophase

Front 37

When animal cells are grown in a Petri dish, they typically stop dividing once they have formed a single, unbroken layer in the bottom of the dish. This arrest of division is an example of

Back 37

Density-dependent inhibition