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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What do metabolic reactions require?
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Energy transformations.
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What does metabolism allow an organism to do?
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To move, grow, heal, reproduce, etc.
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What is catabolism?
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The splitting of large molecules into smaller ones. Energy is released in the process.
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What are examples of catabolism?
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Aerobic respiration, anaerobic respiration, fermentation.
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What happens at any step of the degradation of organic molecules into simpler ones?
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There is a loss of some energy in the form of heat.
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What is aerobic respiration?
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The most efficient method of degrading energy rich organic compounds.
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What is used during cellular respiration to oxidize the organic compounds?
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Oxygen.
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What is fermentation?
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The partial degradation of organic compounds.
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What is significant about fermentation?
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It is conducted in the absence of oxygen.
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What is the usual fuel molecule consumed in cellular respiration?
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Glucose, but proteins, fats, and other carbohydrates are also used.
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Why is the breaking down of glucose exergonic?
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It releases -686 kcal/mole of glucose.
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What is energy in a living cell temporarily stored in?
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Adenosine triphosphate, ATP.
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How does ATP donate energy?
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Through the transfer of a phosphate group.
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How is ATP formed?
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The phosphorylation of ADP, requires energy input.
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When does phosphorylation occur?
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When a phosphate group is transferred to some other compound.
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What links exergonic catabolic reactions and endergonic anabolic reactions?
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ATP.
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What is oxidation?
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The loss of electrons by one substance.
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What is reduction?
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The acceptance of electrons by a molecule.
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What is the reducing agent?
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The electron donor.
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What is the oxidizing agent?
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The electron acceptor.
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Why does changing the degree of electron sharing, rather than losing or gaining electrons, considered a redox reaction?
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It still causes the loss of energy.
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What do the valence electrons of carbon and hydrogen do as they are passed to the more electronegative oxygen?
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They lose potential energy.
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What do most organisms catabolize in order to obtain energy?
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Glucose.
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