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23 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
What do metabolic reactions require?
Energy transformations.
What does metabolism allow an organism to do?
To move, grow, heal, reproduce, etc.
What is catabolism?
The splitting of large molecules into smaller ones. Energy is released in the process.
What are examples of catabolism?
Aerobic respiration, anaerobic respiration, fermentation.
What happens at any step of the degradation of organic molecules into simpler ones?
There is a loss of some energy in the form of heat.
What is aerobic respiration?
The most efficient method of degrading energy rich organic compounds.
What is used during cellular respiration to oxidize the organic compounds?
Oxygen.
What is fermentation?
The partial degradation of organic compounds.
What is significant about fermentation?
It is conducted in the absence of oxygen.
What is the usual fuel molecule consumed in cellular respiration?
Glucose, but proteins, fats, and other carbohydrates are also used.
Why is the breaking down of glucose exergonic?
It releases -686 kcal/mole of glucose.
What is energy in a living cell temporarily stored in?
Adenosine triphosphate, ATP.
How does ATP donate energy?
Through the transfer of a phosphate group.
How is ATP formed?
The phosphorylation of ADP, requires energy input.
When does phosphorylation occur?
When a phosphate group is transferred to some other compound.
What links exergonic catabolic reactions and endergonic anabolic reactions?
ATP.
What is oxidation?
The loss of electrons by one substance.
What is reduction?
The acceptance of electrons by a molecule.
What is the reducing agent?
The electron donor.
What is the oxidizing agent?
The electron acceptor.
Why does changing the degree of electron sharing, rather than losing or gaining electrons, considered a redox reaction?
It still causes the loss of energy.
What do the valence electrons of carbon and hydrogen do as they are passed to the more electronegative oxygen?
They lose potential energy.
What do most organisms catabolize in order to obtain energy?
Glucose.