Principle Of Sociology Ch.4

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Socialization

Back 1

is the lifelong process of social interaction through which individuals acquire a self-identity and the physical, mental, and social skills needed for survival in society.

-enables us to develop our human potential and to learn the ways of thinking, talking and acting that are necessary for social living

-most crucial during childhood

essential for survival

Front 2

Sociobiology

Back 2

is the systematic study of behavior from a biological perspective

Front 3

Freud and the Psychoanalytic Perspective

Back 3

-human behavior and personality originate from unconscious forces within individuals

- people have two basic tendencies: the urge to survive and the urge to prcreate

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Id

Back 4

component of personality that includes all of the individual's basic biological drives and needs that demand immediate gratification

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ego

Back 5

is the rational, reality-oriented component of personality that imposes restrictions on the innate pleasure-seeking drives of the id.

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superego

Back 6

or conscience, consists of moral and ethical aspect of personality.

Front 7

Gilligan's View on Gender and Moral Development

Back 7

Men are more likely to use abstract standards of rights and wrong when making moral decisions, whereas women are more likely to be concerned about the consequences of behavior.

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Symbolic Interactionist Perspectives

Back 8

a sense of self or personal identity cannot be formed without intense social contact with others

Front 9

Self-concept

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is the totality of our belief and feelings about ourselves.

-the physical self

-the active self

-the social self

-the psychological self

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self-identity

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is our perception about what kind of person we are and our awareness of our unique potential

Front 11

Cooley's looking-glass self

Back 11

refers to the way in which a person's sense of self is derived from the presentation of others

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Mead's role-taking

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is the process by which a person mentally assumes the role of another person or group in order to understand the world from that person's or group's point of view

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Significant others

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are those persons whose care, affection, and approval are especially desired and who are most important in the development of the self

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Generalized other

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refers to the child's awareness of the demands and expectations of the society as a whole or of the child's subculture.

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Primary socialization

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refers to the process of learning that begins at birth and occurs primarily in the home and family

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second socialization

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refers to the process of learning that takes place outside the homeq

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tertiary socialization

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takes place when adults move into new settings and learn to behaviors

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conflict perspectives

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socialization contributes to false consciousness and reproduces inequalities in the class structure in the next generation.

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Agents of socialization

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are persons, groups, or institutions that teach us what we need to know in order to participate in society.

-family

-the school

-peer groups

-the mass media

Front 20

The Family

Back 20

The family is the most important agent of socialization in all societies

Front 21

Reciprocal socialization

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is the process by which the feelings,thoughts, appearance, and behavior of individuals who are undergoing socialization also have a direct influence on those agents of socialization who are attempting to influence them.

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Peer Groups

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is a group of people who are linked by common interests, equal social position, and (usually) similar age.

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Mass meia

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is composed of large-scale organizations that use print or electronic means to communicate with large numbers of people

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Gender socialization

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is the aspect of socialization that contains specific messages and practices concerning the nature of being female or male in a specific group or society

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Racial socialization

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is the aspect of socialization that contains specific messages and practices concerning the nature of ones racial or ethnic status as it relates to our identity, interpersonal relationships, and location in the social hierarchy.

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Anticipatory socialization

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is the process by which knowledge and skills are learned for future roles.

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workplace (occupational)socialization

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is a type of socialization that occurs when a person makes the transition from school to work.

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social devaluation

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is when a person or group is considered to have less social value than other persons or groups

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Ageism

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is prejudice and discrimination against people on the basis of age

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Resocialization

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is the process of learning a new and different set of attitudes, values, and behaviors from those in one's background and previous experience.

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total institution

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is a place where people are isolated from the rest of society for a set period of time and come under the control of the officials who run the institutions