Previous Exam 3 Questions

Front 1

The region posterior to the oral cavity is the

Back 1

oropharynx

Front 2

The cavity that is lined with beaiting cilliated epithelia is the

Back 2

nasal cavity

Front 3

which of the following articulators is used to differentiate /m/ from /b/ phonemes?

a. teeth

b. velum

c. tongue

d. cheeks

Back 3

b velum

Front 4

elevation of the tongue tip requires contraction of which muscles?

Back 4

superior longitudinal

Front 5

pursing of the lips requires contraction of which muscle?

Back 5

orbicularis oris

Front 6

which muscle is innervated by the XII hypoglossal nerve?

a. palatoglossus

b. genioglossus

c. styloglossus

d. all of the above

Back 6

d. all of the above

Front 7

which muscle dilates the eustachian tube

Back 7

tensor veli palatine

Front 8

which of the following is not considered part of mastication? 

 

a. Passing the bolus into the pharynx

b. Moving the bolus onto the teeth

c. Mixing the bolus with saliva

d. All are considered part of the mastication process

Back 8

a. passing the bolus into the pharynx

Front 9

the important function of the buccal musculature in mastication and deglutition is: 

 

a. keeping food or liquid out of the buccal cavity.

b. keeping food or liquid on the molars for chewing.

c. helping to maintain a lip seal.

d. a & b

e. all of the above

Back 9

d. a & b

Front 10

stroking the cheek of a neonate will result in: 

Back 10

the infant orienting tot he side of stimulation

Front 11

the region of the mouth is termed

Back 11

perioral region

Front 12

which of these statements is not true?

 

a. The infant’s tongue is smaller than an adult’s.

b. The infant’s larynx is elevated relative to an adult’s.

c. The infant’s velum makes contact with the epiglottis.

d. b & c

e. All of the above are true.

Back 12

e. all are true

Front 13

What is happening in the source-filter theory of speech production?

Back 13

b. 

the vibrating vocal folds are the source and the oral/nasal cavities provide the filter.

Front 14

the medial most labial elevator is the 

Back 14

levator labii superioris alaeque nasi muscle

Front 15

the bone that we call the "cheekbone" is the

Back 15

zygomatic

Front 16

turning the tip of the tongue to the right requires the contraction of

Back 16

superior and inferior longitudinal muscles

Front 17

elevation of the dorsum of the tongue requires which muscle?

Back 17

palatoglossus

Front 18

the process of preparing food for swallowing is termed

Back 18

mastication

Front 19

the term meaning disorders of swallowing is

Back 19

dysphagia

Front 20

a lip seal is important because: 

a. it keeps food and liquid in the mouth during mastication.

b. it helps maintain the positive pressure for swallowing.

c. it keeps one from breathing during mastication.

d. a & b

e. a, b, & c

Back 20

d. a & b

Front 21

the adult pharynx: 

a. is invested with numerous olfactory sensors.

b. serves as a passageway for both food and air.

c. is capable of complete constriction.

d. is immobile during swallowing.

Back 21

b. serves as passageway for both food and air

Front 22

the adult swallowing pattern includes: 

 

a. elevation of the larynx.

b. elevation of the velum.

c. depression of the epiglottis.

d. a & b

e. a, b, & c

Back 22

e. a, b, & c

Front 23

_____ refers to a tooth rotated or twisted on its long axis

Back 23

torsiverted

Front 24

____ refers to a tooth tilted toward the lips

Back 24

labioverted

Front 25

the ____ muscle is the most superficial mandibular elevator

Back 25

masseter

Front 26

inability of the velum to elevate can result in _____

Back 26

hypernasality

Front 27

the _____ bone makes up the posterior portion of the bony nasal septum

Back 27

vomer

Front 28

the third molar is also known as the ___ tooth

Back 28

wisdom

Front 29

in a class ____ malocllusion between the upper and lower dental arches, the first molar of the mandibular arch is retracted at least one tooth from the first maxillary molars

Back 29

II 

Front 30

The ___ muscle elevates the velum

Back 30

muscularis uvulae

Front 31

muscle____ deep within many muscles provide feedback concerning muscle length

Back 31

spindles

Front 32

the velum is ___ elevated/depressed)___ during most speech 

Back 32

elevated

Front 33

the infant develops (neck control/mandible control) ___ first

Back 33

neck control

Front 34

function of the inferior longitudinal muscle

Back 34

depress tongue tip

Front 35

taste receptors belong to this class of receptors

Back 35

chemoreceptors

Front 36

superficial cutaneous mechanoreceptors for light pressure

Back 36

merkel disk receptors

Front 37

another term for the bicuspid

Back 37

premolar

Front 38

the teeth in the permanent arch that replace deciduous teeth

Back 38

successional

Front 39

___ reflex results in elevation of the velum

Back 39

palatal

Front 40

can be stimulated by pressure on the hard palate

Back 40

chewing reflex

Front 41

another word for prominences

Back 41

papillae

Front 42

hold molecule of food in position

Back 42

microvilli

Front 43

why is the flexivle endoscope rapidly becoming one of the "tools of the trade" for SLP's?

Back 43

The flexible endoscope is an important tool of the trade for speech-language pathologists and otorhinolaryngologists because it allows them to view body cavities that they could not otherwise examine. More specifically, this flexible device enables clinicians to assess the structures of the nasal, oral, laryngeal, and pharyngeal spaces. A flexible endoscope can also be used to evaluate the client's swallowing function. In addition, this procedure does not expose clients to radiation that can damage body tissues. As a result, clinicians will have more time to examine their clients because they do not need to worry about overexposing clients to radiation.

Front 44

what are the four stages of mastication and deglutition?

Back 44

The four stages of mastication and deglutition are:

The oral preparatory stage (mastication) occurs when food is prepared for
swallowing. During this stage, the lips seal, thereby keeping the food in the individual's mouth. The lingual muscles and muscles of mastication grind up the food. Finally, the food mixes with saliva to form a bolus (ball of fluid or food) that can be swallowed.      

The oral stage occurs when an individual actually swallows the bolus. The tongue pushes the bolus back toward the oropharynx. The mandibular and tongue muscles are involved in the oral stage. The oral transit time is the time needed to move the bolus to the point of initiation of the pharyngeal stage of swallowing.

The pharyngeal stage is a complex sequence of reflexively controlled events. This stage begins when the bolus comes in contact with the faucial pillars, after which it is propelled through the pharynx. The esophageal sphincter relaxes, which enables it to receive the bolus. Also, a tight seal forms, which protects the airway. Food passes over the epiglottis to the esophagus.

The esophageal stage is the last stage of mastication and deglutition. Swallowing involves peristaltic movement of the bolus through the esophagus and then into the stomach.

Front 45

why are nocireceptors so important?

Back 45

Noriceptors are extremely important because they protect us from injury or even death. Noriceptors, or pain sensors, produce the perception of pain when they are traumatized. For example, if you start to drink a fluid that is very hot, you will likely spit it out, rather than swallow the fluid and risk being burned. The perception of burning is caused by direct trauma to nerve endings that relay this information to higher centers. As a result, you will act to avoid the painful stimulus. However, people with third-degree burns do not perceive pain, because the nerve endings supplying the burned area will have been destroyed.

Front 46

what is the basic premise of the source-filter system of vowel production?

Back 46

The source-filter system of vowel production is a widely acknowledged explanation of how the oral cavity shapes speech sounds. The general premise of this theory is that the voicing source is generated by the vocal folds and then routed through the filter of the vocal tract, where it is shaped into the sounds of speech. Changes in the shapes and configuration of articulars such as the tongue, mandible, and soft palate control the resonance characteristic of the vocal tract, and the resonances of the tract determine the sound of a given vowel.

Front 47

please discuss the sucking and swallowing pattern of infants and the extent to which infants are able to breathe while they are nursing

Back 47

 

At birth, the neonate is restricted to reflexive responses, such as the rooting reflex (orienting towards tactile contact with the perioral region) and the sucking reflex (tongue protrusion and retraction in response to tactile contact with inner margin of the lips). Gross movements of the mandible aid with sucking, a pumping movement which will later develop to no longer require tongue protrusion. After four or five thrusts of the tongue, a swallow is triggered. The larynx and hyoid are elevated at birth and the velum is relatively larger than in the adult. This allows the infant to seal of the oral cavity during sucking, by lowering the velum and locking it in the space (valleculae) between the epiglottis and the tongue (which is not possible in adults). This way, the infant is capable of breathing through the nasal passage while sucking. A brief apneic period is still necessary to complete the swallow, by raising the velum and lowering the epiglottis to seal off the larynx.