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184 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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the reservoir and vector for the Arenaviruses is which of the following?
a. Rodents b. Birds c. Mosquitoes d. Sandflies e. Bats |
a. Rodents
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For the arthropod-borne viruses (e.g. togaviruses, flaviviruses), it is important that the reservoirs:
a. Suffer severe disease with infection b. Be a bird species c. Shed the virus from mucosal surfaces d. Maintain a viremia e. Have acquired immunity to the virus |
d. Maintain a viremia
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The natural reservoir of the virus of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is believed to be:
a. Bats b. Ticks c. Feral swine d. Birds e. Small mammals |
a. Bats
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Toroviruses generally cause which of the following disease syndromes?
a. Encephalitis b. Gastroenteritis c. Acute renal failure d. Vasculitis e. Pneumonia |
b. Gastroenteritis
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Within the Coronavirus genus of Coronaviridae, segregation of viruses into groups I-III is primarily based on:
a. Antigenicity b. Genomic sequence c. Virion diameter d. Capsomer number e. Animal host |
a. Antigenicity
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e. Coronaviridae and Arteriviridae
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The geographic distribution of arthropod-borne (arbo-) viruses is determined in large part by:
a. Mode of transmission amonmg reservoirs b. Distribution of vector species that are permissive for the virus c. Anatomic site of viral shedding in reservoirs d. Hardiness of the virus in the environment e. Antigenicity of the virus |
b. Distribution of vector species that are permissive for the virus
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Arteriviridae members differ from Coronaviridae members in which of the following properties?
a. Capsid symmetry b. Presence of envelope c. Linear vs circular genome d. Genomic sense (i.e. positive vs negative) e. Presence of spike proteins (peplomers) |
a. Capsid symmetry
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The enterotropic Coronaviruses target which of the following intestinal cell types?
a. Crypt epithelia b. Epithelia of villus tips c. M cells d. Intestinal vascular endothelia e. Intraepithelial lymphocytes |
b. Epithelial of villus tips
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The enteric Coronaviruses generally cuase the most severe disease in:
a. Ruminants b. Very young animals c. Cloven-hoffed animals d. Poultry e. Pregnant animals |
b. Very young animals
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Which of the following viruses has the highest mortality in infected horses?
a. Eastern equine encaphalitis virus b. Western equine encaphalitis virus c. Venequelan equine encaphalitis virus d. West Nile virus e. Equine herpesvirus-1 |
a. Eastern equine encaphalitis virus
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Which of the following viruses has as its pathogenesis immune-mediated tissue destruction?
a. Bovine herpesvirus-1 b. Poliovirus c. Vesicular exanthema virus d. West Nile virus e. Feline coronavirus |
e. Feline coronavirus
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Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (EEV) differs from Eastern and Western EEV in that VEEV:
a. Can be amplified by horses during epidemic outbreaks b. Is not arthropod-borne c. Is transmitted by ticks as well as mosquitoes d. Is endemic in North and South America e. Cannot infect humans |
a. Can be amplified by horses during epidemic outbreaks
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Which of the following viruses causes anorexia, weight loss or poor weight gain, gastrointestinal symptoms, and death in pigs by infection of the central nervous system?
a. Coxsackie virus b. Hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus c. Transmissible gastroenteritis virus d. Swine vesicular disease e. Vesicular exanthema of swine |
b. Hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus
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West Nile Virus is the most significant in terms of disease production (# of infected animals that actually get sick) for which of the following species?
a. Humans b. Horses c. Dogs d. Cattle e. Rodents |
b. Horses
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Which of the following has the largest RNA genome of animal viruses?
a. Picornaviridae b. Caliciviridae c. Coronaviridae d. Togaviridae e. Flaviviridae |
c. Coronaviridae
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With feline infectious peritonitis, the etiologic agent mutates, altering its cellular tropism from ________ to _______.
a. Intestinal epithelia; respiratory epithelia b. Epithelia; lymphocytes c. Mucosal epithelia; white blood cells d. Intestinal epithelia; monocytes/macrophages e. Respiratory epithelia; dendritic cells |
d. Intestinal epithelia; monocytes/macrophages
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Which of the following strategies is used during mRNA translation of some Flaviviridae members?
a. Cellular mRNA cap-snatching b. Cleavage of cellular cap-binding complex c. Use of internal ribosomal entry site during translation d. Degredation of cellular mRNA e. Translation of the first open reading frame of the genome |
c. Use of internal ribosomal entry site during translation
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Arteriviruses target, in addition to vascular endothelia, which of the following cell types?
a. Macrophages b. Mast cells c. Intestinal M cells d. Lymphocytes e. Granulocytes |
a. Macrophages
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Yellow fever and Dengue are both associated with:
a. Encephalitis b. Polyarthritis c. Pneumonia d. Hemorrhagic fever e. Rash |
d. Hemorrhagic fever
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Transcription for Togaviridae members involves which of the following strategies:
a. Production of genomic-length mRNA only b. Production of genomic and subgenomic mRNA c. Production of nested transcripts d. Use of cellular mRNA caps e. Use of cellular RNA polymerase |
b. Production of genomic and subgenomic mRNA
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The major consequence of post-natal infection with the Pestivirus Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus is which of the following?
a. Mucosal disease b. Encephalitis c. Skin lesions d. Immunosuppression e. Lameness |
d. Immunosuppression
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Mucosal disease in cattle due to bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) occurs only in:
a. Calves b. Cattle that are persistently infected with BVDV c. Immunologically naive animals d. BVDV-vaccinated animals e. Pregnant cattle |
b. Cattle that are persistently infected with BVDV
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Persistent infections with bovine viraldiarrhea virus (BVDV) are due to:
a. Immunosuppression of the calf caused by the virus b. Immunotolerance to the virus in calves infected in utero c. Tremendous antigenic variability of the virus d. Ability of the virus to mutate and escape the immune response e. Ability of the virus to achieve latency in neural tissue |
b. Immunotolerance to the virus in calves infected in utero
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The first stem in all virus infections is which of the following?
a. Uncoating b. Fusion c. Migration to nucleus d. Attachment to cell receptor e. Transcription |
d. Attachment to cell receptor
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The first step in virus replication after uncoating of the positive-sense, single-stranded RNA viruses is which of the following?
a. Transcription b. Translation c. Genome replication d. Splicing e. Assembly |
b. Translation
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Which of the following transmissible spongioform encephalopathies occurs naturally in wildlife?
a. Chronic wasting disease b. Bovine spongioform encephalopathy c. Kuru d. Scrapie e. Transmissible mink encephalopathy |
a. Chronic wasting disease
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In the replication cycle of viruses that have distinct phases of transcription, the phases are separated by which of the following?
a. Translation b. Uncoating c. Splicing d. Genomic replication e. Assembly |
d. Genomic replication
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The transmissible spongioform encephalopathy that appears to cross species lines relatively easily is which of the following?
a. Chronic wasting disease b. Bovine spongioform encekphalopathy c. Kuru d. Scrapie e. Transmissible mink encephalopathy |
b. Bovine spongioform encephalopathy
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Which of the following is a requirement for a reservoir of an arthropod borne virus?
a. Infection with the virus leads to mortality in the reservoir b. Infection with the virus leads to a brief low-titer viremia in the reservoir c. Reproduction f the reservoir is rapid d. The reservoir population is sparse e. The reservoir must be warm blooded |
c. Reproductino of the reservoir is rapid
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The main viral property used to classify coronaviruses into grous (I, II, and III) within the Coronavirus genus is which of the following
a. Transcriptional strategy b. Genome polarity c. Presence of an envelope d. Antigenicity e. Capsid symmetry |
d. Antigenicity
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Immediately after uncoating, translation of the coronavirus genome produces which of the following proteins?
a. Capsomer b. Peplomer c. Polymerase d. Hemagglutinin e. Matrix |
c. Polymerase
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Nested transcription is done by all of the following viruses EXCEPT:
a. Equine viral arteritis virus b. Vesicular exanthema virus c. Mouse hepatitis virus d. Avian infectious bronchitis virus e. Breda virus |
b. Vesicular exanthema virus
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Which of the following has as its pathogenesis immune-mediated destruction of cells?
a. Transmissible gastroenteritis b. Feline infectious peritonitis c. Avian infectious bronchitis d. Porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis e. Mouse hepatits |
b. Feline infectious peritonitis
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For which of the following viruses are horses potentially an amplifying host?
a. West Nile Virus b. Western Equine Encephalitis Virus c. Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus d. Venezuuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus e. LaCrosse Encephalitis Virus |
d. Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus
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Which of the following causes the most severe disease in adult animals?
a. Winter dysentery b. Transmissible gastroenteritis c. Bluecomb disease d. Porcine epidemic diarrhea e. Canine enteric coronavirus |
a. Winter dysentery
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Which of the following viruses of veterinary importance may have high mortality in humans?
a. Rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus b. Eastern equine encephalitis virus c. Canine respiratory coronavirus d. San Miguel Sea Lion virus e. Porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus |
b. Eastern equine enephalomyelitis virus
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Transmission of African Swine Fever Virus may occur via all of the following modes EXCEPT:
a. Mosquitos b. Ticks c. Aerosol d. Direct contact e. Virus-contaminated objects |
a. Mosquitos
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Rubella has the most serious consequences in:
a. Children b. Pregnant women c. Elderly d. Summer months e. Years with heavy rainfall |
b. Pregnant women
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Mouse hepatitis virus infects and causes lesions in liver and _______.
a. Intestines b. Lungs c. Spleen d. Kidneys e. Central nervous system |
a. Intestines
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The epidemic types of Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus:
a. Occur yearly in temperate zones b. Arise by importation of foreing strains c. Occur during periods of drought d. Are due to mutation of endemic strains e. Have low mortality |
d. are due to mutation of endemic strains
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The toroviruses cause disease primarily of which of the following systems
a. Enteric tract b. Respiratory tract c. Hepatic tissue d. Cardiovascular e. Genitourinary |
e. Enteric tract
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Which of the following is not a possible consequence of equine viral arteritis?
a. Abortion in pregnant mares b. Persistent infection of stallions c. Respiratory disease d. Edema and hemorrhage e. Small bowel diarrhea |
e. Small bowel diarrhea
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A major target tissue of rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus is which of the following?
a. Liver b. Spleen c. Endocrine tissue d. Central nervous system e. Lymphatics |
a. Liver
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Which of the following is considered a foreign disease agent ot the USA and is notifiable to state and federal authorites when suspected?
a. Classical Swine Fever Virus b. Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus c. West Nile Virus d. Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus e. Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus |
a. Classical Swine Fever Virus?
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Which of the following agents may be spread horixontally between infected horses WITHOUT an insect vector?
a. West Nile Virus b. Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus c. Western Equine Encephalitis Virus d. Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus e. Japanese Encephalitis Virus |
b. Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus
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The enteric coronaviruses cause disease by targeting which of the following?
a. Intestinal villus tips b. Intestinal crypts c. M cells d. Intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes e. Peyer's patches |
a. Intestinal villus tips
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The lesions of feline infectious peritonitis invovle all fo the following EXCEPT:
a. immune complexformation b. complement activation c. antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity d. IgE production and type I hypersensitivity e. Macrophage death |
d. IgE production and type I hypersensitivity
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Lifelong persistent infection with bovine viral diarrhea virus arises by which of the following mechanisms?
a. Induction of immunotolerance to the virus b. Immunodeficiency induced by the virus c. Viral latency d. Exaggerated humoral response to the virus e. Neuronal infection by the virus |
a. Induction of immunotolerance to the virus
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The viruses of equine arteritis and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome infect which of the following cell types?
a. Lymphocytes b. Enterocytes c. Macrophages d. Neutrophils e. Neurons |
c. Macrophages
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Immunopathology (immune-mediated disease) may be involved with a severe form of which of the following flavivirus infections?
a. Dengue fever b. Yellow fever c. St. Louis encephalitis d. West Nile e. Hepatitis C |
a. Dengue fever?
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Which of teh following coronaviruses migrates to the target tissue via neurons?
a. Winter dysentery virus of cattle b. Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus c. Vomiting and wasting disease virus of swine d. Feline infectiosu peritonitis virus e. Infectious bronchitis virus of poultry |
c. Vomiting and wasting disease virus of swine
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The genome of this family encodes non-structural proteins in the 5' half, produces subgenomic mRNA, and one member causes rubella, or German measles
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Togaviridae
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Members of one genus within this family are associated with "hairy shaker"
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Flaviviridae
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This family contains the Berne and Breda viruses which are kidney shaped viruses and cuase gastrointestinal disease in horses and cattle respectively
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Coronaviridae
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The genome of this family encodes structural proteins at the 5' end of the genome, and contains the agents of Wesselsbron, Louping ill, and Tickborne encephalitis
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Flaviviridae
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The virus families, in addition to Orthomyxoviruses, whose members snatch the cap of cellular mRNA in order to prime viral RNA syntheses are which of the following?
a. Arenaviridae, Filoviridae b. Bunyaviridae, Arenaviridae c. Filoviridae, Bornaviridae d. Paramyxoviridae, Rhabdoviridae e. Birnaviridae, Reoviridae |
b. Bunyaviridae, Arenaviridae
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Which of the following viruses' genome is a single molecule (i.e. not segmented) of linear RNA?
a. Reoviruses b. Birnaviruses c. Arenaviruses d. Bunyaviruses e. Rhabdoviruses |
e. Rhabdoviruses
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Infectious bursal disease of chickens leads to loss of which the following cell types?
a. B lymphocytes b. Enteric epithelia c. Thymic cells d. Neurons e. Pancreatic cells |
a. B lymphocytes
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The viruses of Bluetongue and African Horse Sickness are similar in that both target which of the following cell types?
a. Lung parenchyma b. Hepatic cells c. Vascular endothelia d. Myocardium e. RBC |
c. Vascular endothelia
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The reservoir for Hantavirus in the Americas is which of the following?
a. Deer b. Mice c. Bats d. Arthropods e. Horses |
b. Mice
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Bornaviruses reach their target tissue (replication in which leads to the dz associated with these viruses) via which of the following modes of spread?
a. Viremic spread b. Lymph circulation c. Epithelial migration d. Macrophage transport e. Neuronal migration |
e. Neuronal migration
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The phase in which (any) dz symptoms first occurs following rabies virus infection is which of the following?
a. Incubation b. Prodrome c. Acute neurologic d. Coma e. Death |
b. Prodrome
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The phase in which post-exposure prophylaxis will be effective following rabies virus infection is which of the following?
a. Incubation b. Prodrome c. Acute neurologic d. Coma d. Death |
a. Incubation
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Rift Valley Fever is a significant dz in which of the following animals?
a. Carnivores b. Rodents c. Ruminants d. Poultry e. Equids |
c. Ruminants
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Which of the following Bunyavirus-related diseases is NOT generally associated with abortion in infected animals?
a. Nairobi Sheep Dz b. Sandfly Fever c. Rift Valley Fever d. Akabane e. Cache Valley Fever |
b. Sandfly Fever
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Vesicular stomatitis can be distinguished from foot and mouth dz in part b/c it affects which of the following species?
a. Cattle b. Swine c. Sheep d. Deer e. Horses |
e. Horses
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The transmissible spongioform encephalopathies (TSE's) are acquired by which of the following modes?
a. Arthropod vector b. Ingestion c. Animal bite d. Aerosol e. Direct contact with skin |
b. Ingestion
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The TSE that occurs in wildlife in the USA is which of the following?
a. Chronic wasting dz b. Scrapie c. Bovine spongioform encephalopathy d. Creutzfeldt-Jakob dz e. Kuru |
a. Chronic wasting dz
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The target cells of rotaviruses are ________ and it reaches these cells via transit through _________.
a. intestinal crypts; blood b. macrophages; blood c. intestine villus tips; GI tract d. intestinal epithelia; lymphatics e. monocytes and macrophages; lymphatics |
c. intestinal villus tips; GI tract
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Two virus families containing impt pathogens of fish are which of the following?
a. Arenaviridae and Bunyaviridae b. Rhabdoviridae and Birnaviridae c. Reoviridae and Orbiviridae d. Bornaviridae and Filoviridae e. Prions and Deltaviruses |
b. Rhabdoviridae and Birnaviridae
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The majority of human infections of rabies virus in the USA come from which of the following reservoir spp?
a. Dogs b. Cats c. Bats d. Skunks e. Raccoons |
c. Bats
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Outbreaks of Rift Valley Fever occur during which of the following conditions?
a. Period of drought and high temperature b. Freezing temps and heavy snowfall c. High altitude and drying conditions d. Heavy rainfall with flooding e. Soil disturbance and aerosolization (i.e. dust storm) |
d. Heavy rainfall with flooding
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Which of the following is a significant manifestation of Filovirus infection?
a. Prolonged bleeding b. Psychiatric disorder c. Encephalitis d. Diarrhea e. Photophobia |
a. Prolonged bleeding
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The TSE that appears to be able to cross spp lines easily is which of the following?
a. Chronic wasting dz b. Scrapie c. Bovine spongioform encephalopathy d. Creutzfeldt-Jakob dz e. Kuru |
c. Bovine spongioform encephalopathy
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Bullet-shaped enveloped virus that undergoes start-stop transcription.
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Rhabdoviridae
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Enveloped virus with 800-900nm long capsid that infects macrophates and endothelial cells
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Filoviridae
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An enveloped virus with ambisense genome of 2 segments that may be carried by rodents
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arenaviridae
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A particle with no genome that arises by protein misfolding
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prions
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classified w/in a genus of this family are viruses that enter target cells only at physiologic temp and may bud from infected cells in a directional manner
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rhabdoviridae
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Genome of this virus is 10-12 segments of ds RNA
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Reoviridae
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During replication, member of this virus family snatches caps from cellular mRNA; in addition, most are spread by arthropods
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Bunyaviridae
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The virus has a triple capsid that is only partially removed during uncoating
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Reoviridae
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This family has a dsRNA genome and contains more impt pathogens of birds and fish within its 2 genera of veterinary importance
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Birnaviridae
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This group is associated with neurologic dz, and incites no immune response after infection
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Prions
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bornavirus replicates in the cell's _____
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nucleus
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Deltavirus infection is always assoc with coinfection with
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Hepatitis B
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Filovirus infection is endemic in (location) ______
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central Africa
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The initial nonspecific signs of rabies occurs in the ______ period
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prodrome
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Exchange of segments b/w influenza viruses is termed
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antigenic shift (reassortment)
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give a practical, currently pertinent, example of reassortment
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what happens to your brain during finals week (prior to the whole mental breakdown leading to brain leakage out of the ears...)
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The 2 genera of the Reoviridae that are arthropod-borne are ______ & ______.
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Orbivirus
Coltivirus |
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2 virus families that ahve a segmented dsRNA genome are _______ & _________.
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Reoviridae (10-12 segments)
Birnaviridae (2 segments) |
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the most impt agent of viral dz of lower resp tract of children is _______
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pneumoviruses (RSV)
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The reservoir of hendra viruses is ______
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flying foxes and fruit bats
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The dz due to Bornavirus affects the ______ & is due to _____.
a. Bursa of Fabricius; viral destruction of B cells b. CNS; T cell immune response to the virus c. lungs; viral destruction of pneumocytes d. blood vessels; autoimmune respones to surface proteins |
b. CNS; T cell immune respones to the virus
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Filovirus targets the
a. renal tubules b. bone marrow c. neurons d. vascular endothelium |
d. vascular endothelium
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A component of the pathogenesis of filoviruses is that some viral proteins
a. resemble certain host proteins such as clotting factor b. lead to disruption fo the nuclear membrane c. down-regulate MHC-I expression d. activate cellular growth factors |
a. resemble certain host proteins such as clotting factor
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An obstacle to combating filovirus infectino is that
a. people that recover remain persistnetly infected b. the reservoir is unknown c. the virus is easily spread by aerosol d. the virus uses an insect vector |
b. the reservoir is unknown
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Rabies virus reaches teh brain and salivary gland via the
a. blood b. lymph c. nerves d. SQ tissue |
c. nerves
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Which of the following is not a source of rabies in the US
a. opossum b. fox c. skunk d. raccoon |
a. opossum
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Vesicular stomatitis is impt b/c the dz resembles
a. RV b. measles c. small pox d. F&M dz |
d. F&M dz
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influenza viruses are classified into subgroups according to
a. polymerase gene sequence b. antigenicity of surface proteins c. cellular location of replication d. mechanism of transcription |
b. antigenicity of surface proteins
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cleavage of what surface protein of orthomyxovirus is critical to viral infection
a. neuraminidase b. G glycoprotein c. fusion protein d. hemagglutinin |
d. hemagluttinin
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which animal spp may serve as a "mixing pot" for influenza viruses?
a. cattle b. rodents c. swine d. monkeys |
c. swine
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antiviral drugs available for influenza may inhibit
a. attachment b. uncoating c. transcription d. assembly |
b. uncoating
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The strx of reoviruses is unusual in that they
a. are bullet-shaped b. occur in long filaments c. have a double shell d. have a diploid genome |
b. occur in long filaments
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The genome of reoviruses is
a. segmented dsRNA b. diploid dsRNA c. segmented ssRNA d. circular dsRNA |
a. segmented dsRNA
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for successful replication of reoviruses, it is necessary that which process be incomplete?
a. fusion b. uncoating c. activation of RNA polymerase d. budding |
b. uncoating
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African horse sickness and bluetongue result from virus replication in
a. lungs b. brain c. vascular endothelium d. intestinal epithelia |
c. vascular endothelia
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rotavirus targets
a. intestinal crypts b. intestinal tips c. intestinal lymphatics d. intestinal epithelium |
b. intestinal tips
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an effective vaccine for rotavirus msut induce
a. local immunity in intestines b. systemic IgG c. humoral immunity in oropharyngeal tissue d. cell-mediated immunity in stomach |
a. local immunity in intestines
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an ineffective rotavirus vaccine would
a. be eating poop from a child b. a fecal transplant c. i don't give a crap b/c i'm not gonna see a cruise ship to catch it any time soon d. screw a vaccine, i want rotavirus so i can skip finals |
i'll let you choose what you want to do...
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cap snatching is required for transcription of which of the following?
a. orthomyxovirus b. paramyxovirus c. retrovirus d. rhabdovirus |
a. orthomyxovirus (from mRNA in nucleus)
*bunya steals caps from cytoplasmic mRNA* |
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the biggest concern with retroviruses is
a. the affect on your social caliber b/c retro was so last season b. eww used stuff!!! i want everything new c. retro is going to bring woodstock back into favor and therefore spread more viruses d. i don't give a crap, just get this final over with already!!! e. AAAAAAAAAAHHHHHHH HIPPIES ARE GONNA TAKE OVER THE WORLD AND LIGHT MY PRETTY GAS GUZZLING TRUCK ON FIRE!!!!!! |
the correct answer is e. b/c you don't want to see me if my baby gets lit up...
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Birnaviruses may cause dz in
a. birds and amphibians b. birds and fish c. reptiles and insects d. horses and cattle |
b. birds and fish
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Which of the following contributes to the tissue tropism of influenza viruses
a. presence of cellular protease b. presence of CD4 receptor c. presence of glycosylation enzyme d. presence of intercellular adhesion molecule |
a. presence of cellular protease
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parainfluenza viruses are assoc w/
a. influenza in children b. inflamed salivary glands in children c. rash in children d. croup in children |
d. croup in children
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which of the following is not a possible sequela to mumps
a. pancreatitis b. orchitis c. encephalitis d. splenitis |
d. splenitis
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an impt paramyxovirus of poultry is
a. newcastle dz virus b. infectious bursal dz virus c. avian influenza virus d. avian leukosis virus |
a. newcastle dz virus
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nipah virus was transmitted to humans from
a. fish b. rodents c. horses d. swine |
d. swine
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And now for the most impt question of your life....
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Would you like the blue or pink koolaid as the humane alternative to finals week?
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name 1 viral dz of fish
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infectious pancreatic necrosis (birna)
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Koplik's spots are assoc w/
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morbillivirus (measles)
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name 2 impt morbilliviruses of vet med
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distemper
rinderpest |
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the reston strain of filviruses is believed to have originated where
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from importation of monkeys from philippines
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The viruses which make and secrete a glycoprotein that acts as a decoy antigen that binds neutralizing antibodies is which of the following?
a. Birnaviruses b. Bornaviruses c. Filoviruses d. Arenaviruses e. Bunyaviruses |
c. Filoviruses
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Which of the following includes a virus that specifically targets the B lymphocytes at a particular stage of differentiation in birds?
a. Birnaviiruses b. Bornaviruses c. Filoviruses d. Arenaviruses e. Bunyaviruses |
a. Birnaviruses
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Which of the following viruses reaches its clinically-significant target tissue via neuronal migration?
a. Birnaviiruses b. Bornaviruses c. Filoviruses d. Arenaviruses e. Bunyaviruses |
b. Bornaviruses
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Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus is the most prevalent member of this group of rodent-borne viruses:
a. Birnaviiruses b. Bornaviruses c. Filoviruses d. Arenaviruses e. Bunyaviruses |
d. Arenaviruses
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In addition to epithelia of many tissues, canine distemper virus infects and is disseminated throughout the canine body by which of the following?
a. Neutrophils and mast cells b. Dendritic cells and tissue macrophages c. Lymphocytes and monocytes d. RBC e. Granulocytes |
c. Lymphocytes and monocytes
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Which of the following transmissible spongioform encephalopathies is present in wildlife in the US?
a. Kuru b. Scrapie c. Mink encephalopathy d. Chronic wasting dz e. New variant Creutzfeld-Jakob |
d. Chronic wasting dz
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Bluetongue virus of sheep is transmitted by ________ & targets specific ________ cells.
a. ticks; epithelial b. culicoides; endothelial c. aerosol; white blood d. ingestion; endothelial e. mosquitoes; CNS |
b. Culicoides; endothelial
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which group of animals suffers severe dz with teh agent of Rift Valley Fever?
a. ruminants b. suids c. poultry d. equids e. carnivores |
a. ruminants
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The reservoirs for the newly recognized Henipaviruses (Hendra and Nipah) of the Paramyxoviridae are which of the following?
a. rodents b. birds c. mosquitoes d. sandflies e. bats |
e. bats
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which of the following viruses snatch othe cap of cellular mRNA in order to prime viral RNA synthesis?
a. Toroviruses b. Bunyaviruses c. Filoviruses d. Paramyxoviruses e. Birnaviruses |
b. Bunyaviruses
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Which of the following agents produces proteins that mimic coagulation cascade proteins and leads to depletion of clotting factors?
a. Torociruses b. Bunyaviruses c. Filoviruses d. Paramyxoviruses e. Birnaviruses |
c. Filoviruses
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Bornaviruses are assoc w/ which of the following disorders in vet med?
a. Spring viremia of carp b. Bovine ephemeral fever c. Bolivian ephemeral fever d. Proventricular dilatation dz of psittacines e. Infectious bursal dz of poultry |
d. Proventricular dilatation dz of psittacines
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The reservoirs of which the following virus groups are rodents?
a. Arenaviruses and Phleboviruses b. Hantaviruses and Arenaviruses c. Filoviruses and Bornaviruses d. Bornaviruses and Birnaviruses e. Rhabdoviruses and Morbilliviruses |
b. Hantaviruses and Arenaviruses
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The term used to describe fusion of adjacent cells by viral envelope glycoproteins expressed on an infected cell's surface is which of the following?
a. syncytia b. syngeneic c. fusarium d. lysogeny e. enucleation |
a. syncytia
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Which of the following strategies is employed by single straned RNA viruses of negative polarity to govern the switch from transcription to genomic replication?
a. Accumulation of capsomers b. Promotor activation c. Cap-snatching d. Production of viral polymerase e. Virus assembly |
a. Accumulation of capsomers
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Which of the following properties of ssRNA viruses of neg polarity ensures that an adequate amt of capsomers in synthesized
a. Genomic polarity b. Secondary RNA strx (how it is folded) c. Genomic organization (where the genes are on the genome) d. Intergenic signal sequences b/w each gene e. 3' - untranslated region sequence |
c. Genomic organization
efficiency of translation decreases as its distance from the 3' end increases |
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the transcription of the Reoviridae members is unusual in that:
a. It occurs in the cell nucleus b. It occurs w/in the viral core c. It is done by the cellular transcriptase d. It produces nested trannscripts e. It is primed by cellular caps |
b. It occurs w/in the viral core
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The genomic property of ambisense indicates
a. Double-stranded nature of the DNA b. Genome is segmented c. Genome may act as mRNa and undergo translation after uncoating d. Circular nature of the genome due to inverted repeat sequences e. The genomic open reading frames are of positive and negative polarity |
e. The genomic ORFs are of pos and neg polarity
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One of the major agents of KC in dogs is classified in which of the following virus families?
a. Paramyxoviridae b. Bunyaviridae c. Orthomyxoviridae d. Birnaviridae e. Orbiviridae |
a. Paramyxoviridae
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The replication of the RNA virus w/in a cell triggers production by that cell of which of the following?
a.Interleukin b. Interferon c. Complement d. Prostaglandin e. Bradykinin |
b. Interferon
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The "point of no return" with RV infection, when intervention with anti-RV immunoglobulin administration and vaccination will no longer be effective for post-exposure tx is which of the following?
a. When the virus is first inoculated via the bite b. When the virus undergoes intial replication in the musc c. When the virus enters the peripheral nerves innervating the musc d. when the virus gains access to the CN e. When the virus disseminates to the salivary glands |
c. whien the virus enters the peripheral nerves innervating the muscle
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Akbane and cache valley fever viruses are similar in that both cause which of the following dz synderomes in infected animals?
a. abortion b. hepatic necrosis c. hemorrhagic fever d. encephalitis e. renal failure |
a. abortion
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the source of rv virus in most human exposure cases in the US is which of the following?
a. bats b. coyotes c. domestic dogs d. foxes e. raccoons |
a. bats
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The vector of rv that is of increasing concern in the USA due to its typical habitat, and to which oral vaccination has been targeted in TN is which of the following?
a. bats b. coyotes c. domestic dogs d. foxes e. raccoons |
e. raccoons
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the virus that may cause severe primary viral pneumonia in cattle with characteristic emphysematous lesions is which of the following
a. parainfluenza virus b. influenza virus c. hantavirus d. resp syncytial virus e. avulavirus |
d. RSV
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for which of the following viruses is infectivity enhanced by transit through the intestine?
a. Influenza virus b. Paramyxovirus c. Rotavirus d. Metapneumovirus e. Orbivirus |
c. Rotavirus
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The virus classified within the Rhabdoviridae that affects livestock and is reportable to state authorities is the agent of which of the following?
a. Vesicular exanthema b. Swine vesicular dz c. Bluetongue d. Vesicular stomatitis e. Infectious pancreatic necrosis |
d. Vesicular stomatitis
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The family of viruses in which several impt pathogens of fish, including the agent of viral hemorrhagic septicemia are classified is which of the following?
a. Arenaviridae b. Bornaviridae c. Bunyaviridae d. Paramyxoviridae e. Rhabdoviridae |
e. Rhabdoviridae
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The genus of Paramyxoviridae that includes sever significant pathogens of humans and animals, and which may result in widespread tissue infections involving the resp, GI, and neuro sys is which of the following?
a. Morbillivirus b. Lyssavirus c. Rubulavirus d. Pneumovirus e. Orbivirus |
a. Morbillivirus
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The virus of African Horse Sickness targets which of the following cell types leading to the characteristic edematous lesions is which of the following?
a. Pneumocytes b. Hepatic parenchymal cells c. Kupffer cells d. Endothelial cells e. B lymphocytes |
d. Endothelial cells
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The so-called endogenous retroviruses of avian and feline species (insofar as is known)
a. seem to be the main cause of retroviral neoplasia (cancer) in these spp b. seem not to be the main cuase of retroviral neoplasia in these spp c. are only passed horizontally in thess spp d. have evidently lost the reverse transcriptase enzyme as a result of their intimate (over many generations) relationship with the host cell e. are restricted to cytoplasmic replication |
b. seem not to be the main cause of retroviral neoplasia in these spp
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EIA virus, a retrovirus, is normally transmitted:
a. vertically by way of milk b. vertically by way of the germ cell c. horizontally by way of contact d. horizontally by an arthropod vector e. horizontally as a veneral infection |
d. horizontally by an arthropod vector
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Antigenic shifts w/in the orthomyxovirus family are most readily explained by:
a. intramolecular recombinatino during dual infection b. reassociation (i.e. reassortment) of the genome segments during dual infection c. deletion mutations (that is, production of defective viruses with deleted genome segments d. point mutations during virus replication e. viral attenuation |
b. reassociation (reassortment) of the genome during dual infectino
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Rotavirus and enteric coronoavirus infections of the neonate show a similar dz pattern: diarrhea followed by dehydration and often death.
Which statement best fits our present understainding of viral pathogenesis by both of these organisms? a. no serious dz occurs unless both viruses are present rogether b. malabsorption arising from virus-IgA immune complexes casues the dz symptoms c. death is caused ultimately by endothelial destruction d. secretory epithelium of teh gut is destroyed e. absorptive epithelium of the gut is destroyed |
e. absorptive epithelium of the gut is destroyed
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Which virus infection(s) might likely exhibit the phenomenon of antigenic shift?
a. rabies (rhabdovirus) b. bluetongue (reovirus) c. influenza (orthomyxovirus) d. Lasa fever (arenavirus) e. Nairobi sheep dz (bunyavirus) |
all except rabies b/c all the rest have segmented genomes
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Which mechanism best explains the phenomenon of antigenic drift in a virus family?
a. bird migration b. arthropod migration c. accumulation of poitn mutations d. reassortment of genome segments e. vaccination programs |
c. accumulation of pt mutations
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Azidothymidine is a chemotherapeutic agent used in HIV and FIV infections. its mechanism of action involves
a. phosphorylatino of azidothymidine molecule by thymidine kinase before it becomes active b. incorportation into the growing DNA strand by reverse transcriptase c. incorporation into growing RNA strand by RT d. incorportation into growing RNA strand by DNA dependent RNA polymerase II e. inhibition of integration into host DNA by viral integrase |
a. phosphorylation of the azidothymidine molecule by thymidine kinase before it becomes active
?b. incorporation inot growing DNA strand by RT? |
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2 impt regulatory proteins of HIV are
a. alpha TIF & LAT b. tat & rev c. leader & promoter d. hemagglutinin & neuraminidase |
b. tat & rev
Tat interacts with cellular RNA polymerase to increase its efficiency. Rev insures mRNA for structural proteins are transported to the cytoplasm for translation. |
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In addition to reverse transcription, RTase has which of the following activities?
a. DNase b. RNAase c. protease d. glycosylase |
b. RNAase
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What are the 4 enzyme activities of reverse trascriptase
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RNA dependent DNA polymerase
- Takes RNA and makes DNA RNase H - Takes single stranded DNA and turn it into double stranded - enzyme cuts down 2nd strand of RNA to serve as primer for DNA synthesis extension to get double stranded DNA DNA dependent DNA polymerase - Double-stranded DNA is circularized (provirus) - Uses primer to make full strand of DNA Then moves from cytoplasm to nuceus via pore Integrase - Provirus integrates into host genome *necessary step for all retroviruserepication* - Get host DNA with viral DNA integrated |
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The surface receptor for HIV is ______ on ____ cells
a. ICAM-I; B b. CD4; T helper c. CD8; cytotoxic T d. MHC; macrophage |
b. CD4; T helper
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The cell type impt in neural dz due to HIV is a
a. T lymphocyte b. B lymphocyte c. macrophage d. neutrophil |
c. macrophage
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Cellular onc genes are:
a. host genes encoding (usually) products involved in normal cell signaling and cell division pathways b. sometimes "turned on" abnormally by an adjacently-integrated oncogenic retrovirus with a strong promoter for RNA dependent RNA polymerase II activity c. sometimes transduced into genome of an oncogenic retrovirus d. host genes encoding products of little usefulness to the normal cell and seem to fxn only in the causation of cancer e. more impt in the pathogenesis of lentiviruses than oncogenic retroviruses |
a. host genes encoding (usually) products involved in normal cell signaling and cell division pathways
b. sometimes "turned on" abnormally by an adjacently-integrated oncogenic retrovirus with a strong promoter for RNA dependent RNA polymerase II activity c. sometimes transduced into genome of an oncogenic retrovirus |
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One virus that has been isolated from feline sarcoma, called the Gardner Arnstein feline sarcoma virus, has the following genotype:
*imagine it in your head* On the basis of this genotype, the virus is probably: a. a rapidly transforming virus nondefective for replication b. a rapidly transforming virus defective for replication c. a slowly transforming virus defective for replication and dependent on mechanism of "insertional activation" for sarcomagenesis d. a slowly transforming virus nondefective for replication and depending on a mechanism of "insertional activation" for sarcomagenesis e. a rapidly transforming virus requiring the help of a "helper virus" for replication |
LTR - GAG - POL - ENV - LTR
5' -> 3' d. a slowly transformign virus nondefective for replication and dependent on a mechanism of "insertional activation" for sarcomagenesis |
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Membrane fusion (b/w the virus and the cell), as a mechanism of viral entry, is theoretically possible for which of the following
a. papovaviruses b. adenoviruses c. hepadnaviruses d. parvoviruses e. circoviruses |
c. hepadnaviruses
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Which is not a correct statement regarding the properties of viral glycoproteins as we understand them?
a. they are incorporated into cellular membranes before becoming part of the virion b. they are usually non-structural proteins c. their amino acid sequence is encoded by the viral genome d. they are often involved in virus attachment for initiation of infection e. they obtain their sugar moieties via cellular glycosylating enzymes in the ER |
b. they are usually nonstructural proteins
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Which of the following viruses is spread by arthropods?
a. Lassa Fever Virus b. Border Dz Virus c. Rabies Virus d. Yellow Fever Virus e. Menangle Virus |
d. Yellow Fever Virus
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Which of the following may be a manifestation of Infectious Bronchitis Virus infection in poultry?
a. Feather loss b. Bursal destruction & immunosuppression c. Decreased egg laying production d. Paralysis e. Provenricular dilatation |
c. decreased egg production
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Torovirus infections manifest with dz referable to which system?
a. GI b. Resp c. Endocrine d. Nervous e. Repro |
a. GI
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Vasculitis is assoc with the agent of which of the following dz of swine?
a. transmissible gastroenteritis b. nipah c. procine resp and repro syndrome d. hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis e. transmissible spongioform encephalitis |
c. porcine resp and repro syndrome
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The reservoir of Hendravirus is which of the following?
a. birds b. reptiles c. rodents d. bats e. mosquitoes |
d. bats
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which of the following is not an impt reservoir of rv infection in the US
a. skunks b. raccoons c. coyotes d. wolves e. foxes |
d. wolves
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viruses of which of the following families contain an ambisense genome?
a. arenaviridae b. coronaviridae c. flaviviridae d. paramyxoriridaee. rhabdoviridae |
a. arenaviridae
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Which of the following viruses may be shed in semen?
a. Vesicular stomatitis virus b. Equine viral arteritis virus c. Resp syncytial virus d. Bovine coronavirus e. Parainfluenza virus 3 |
b. Equine viral arteritis virus
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Which of the following is an impt consequence of bovine viral diarrhea virus infection
a. renal failure b. paralysis c. immunosuppression d. anemia e. hepatitis |
c. immunosuppression
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What specific serum protein other than immunoglobulin is commonly elevated in cases of FIP?
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globulin increased
albumin : globulin ratio decreased |
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retrovirus reverse transcription is primed by
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tRNA binding the PBS region
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Describe 1 aquatic animal virus (virus name, spp affected, geographic distribution
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paramyxoviridae (morbillivirus)
marine mammals Atlantic, Mediterranean, Gulf of Mexico, North Sea |
