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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Why take dental radiographs? List 8 reasons: |
1. To see pathology hiding below gingiva or inside tooth 2. Evaluate area where teeth appear to be missing 3. Documentation of supporting treatment decisions 4. Legal document / client communication 5. Post-op confirmation of proper extraction 6. Endodontics - procedures, involving the soft inner tissue of the teeth, called the pulp. 7. Follow progression of plural pathology / periodontal disease 8. Pre-purchase exams on show dogs (to see if proper # of teeth are there) |
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What is the most common ailment in small animals? |
Periodontal disease
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Patients presented for routine cleaning are often found to have ___________ _________. |
Mobile teeth |
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What aids the decision to extract, perform flap surgery, or provide only medical therapy? (3) |
1. radiographs 2. probing depths 3. visual exam |
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True or False: Radiographs allow us to measure the degree of bone loss |
TRUE |
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True or False: Radiographs cannot document lesions |
FALSE - they can show lesions |
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True or False: The X-ray shows lesions both above and below the gum line |
TRUE |
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Legal use of radiographs is extremely important in supporting |
treatment decisions |
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Serial radiographs to follow progression of periodontal or endodontal disease are taken how frequently? |
At 3 to 6 month intervals |
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When do you take radiographs? List 8 scenarios: |
1. When you see any visible abnormality 2. Tooth is mobile 3. Tooth is fractured 4. Tooth is discolored 5. Furcation exposure is present (periodontal disease) (**furcation = space between roots) 6. When teeth are missing (without explanation) 7. When a feline ondoclastic resorptive lesion (FORL) is noted (similar to a cavity) 8. Prior to extraction |
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The gumline *should* follow ___________________. |
Along the crown of the tooth |
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Receding gums can affect the tooth's _____________. |
Mobility |
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Furcation - |
visible space between roots (can see it due to gingival recession) |
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When are FULL - MOUTH radiographs needed? (6) |
1. Basically every time they come in for a dental procedure 2. When periodontal disease is present anywhere in the mouth 3. When FORLs are diagnosed 4. If there are fractured teeth of unknown origin 5. When evaluating # of secondary teeth in a puppy or kitten as part of a soundness exam prior to purchase 6. To evaluate oral and facial swellings |
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Advantages of using a dental radiograph machine: |
1. economical 2. extension arms allow vertical, horizontal, and rotational movement (cuts down on patient positioning) 3. Long arm can reach two closely located operators areas 4. Do it at dental surgery table (not have to move to X-ray room) 5. Shorter film focal length = less scatter |
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Anatomy of Dental X-Ray Unit: What is a PID? |
Position Indicating Device |
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Anatomy of Dental X-Ray Unit: What does the PID do? |
It's and extension placed on the tube head at the collimator attachment |
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To minimize the amount of radiation exposure the PID is _______ - ___________. |
Lead-lined |
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The shape of the PID may be either ______________ or ____________. |
Circular Rectangular |
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Which shape PID limits the beam size to that of a #2 periodical film? |
rectangular |
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PIDs come in 3 lengths: |
8" (short cone) 12" (long cone) 16" (long cone) |
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Which give better detail: long cone or short cone? |
Long cone gives better detail |
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What is the advantage of using a short cone? |
Less exposure |
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Control Panel contains what 3 things: |
1. timer 2. kVp regulator 3. mAs regulator |
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On most dental units, the kVP typically ranges from: |
50 - 100 |
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On most dental units, the mAs is usually set at _________ or ________ mA |
seven (7mA) fifteen (15mA) |
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With dental units the FFC (Focal Film Distance) depends on ___________ __________. |
Cone length |
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Radiation Safety: All personnel in the are of dental unit while in use should be at least ______ feet from the tube head at an angle of _______ to ______ degrees to the beam. |
6 feet 90 - 135 |
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Or, wear __________ |
lead-lined protective gear: apron, gloves, thyroid shield |
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If taking X-rays wear your... |
dosimeter badge |
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Never hand-hold the film or sensor when taking digital radiographs |
duh |
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NYSDH says to check unit every ____ years |
two |
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Film: There are three sizes of dental film: |
1. child periapical size 0 (ZERO) 2. Adult periapical size 2 3. Occlusal size 4 |
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Child periapial size 0 film is used mostly in what animals? |
cats, exotics, small dogs 7/8 x 1 5/8 inches |
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Adult periapical size 2 film is also called __________ __________ |
standard size 1 1/4 x 1 9/16 inches |
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Occlusal size 4 film is used to radiograph ___________ teeth and for _____________ studies. |
larger survey 2 1/4 x 3 inches |
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Which film size is the most commonly used? |
Adult size 2 |
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What are the 4 parts of the dental x-ray film packet? |
1. outside layer = paper or plastic coating (white front with raised dot in one corner to orient film) *White side is placed TOWARD the TEETH 2. Lead foil sheet to absorb scatter 3. Black paper around film to protect it 4. film (in the center) |
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Film Processing: Can happen in two possible places: |
1. darkroom 2. chair side |
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Whole process of chair-side developing takes how long? |
1 minute |
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Digital imaging using a ________ _______ instead of film. |
sensor pad |
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Digital imaging reduced radiation by what percentage range? |
75% - 90% |
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Dental X-ray accessories: |
1. film holders to keep film in position in mouth: swabs, paper towels, foam-covered hair rollers 2. Bite blocks to keep mouth open - foam rolls, wedges, syringe barrels 3. Viewer - small light box with 2X magnifier on sliding carrier or plexiglass X-ray magnifier to magnify image on viewer 4. Felt pen or X-ray marker to ID film 5. Envelopes or film mounts |