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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The latent period in radiation biology is the time between:
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Exposure to x-radiation and clinical symptoms.
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A free radical:
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Is an uncharged molecule
Has an unpaired electron in the outer shell Is highly reactive and unstable Combines with molecules to form toxins |
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Direct radiation injury occurs when:
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X-ray photons hit critical targets within a cell
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Indirect radiation injury occurs when:
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X-ray photons hit the DNA of a cell.
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Which of the following relationships describes the response of tissues to radiation?
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Linear, nonthreshold
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Which of the following factors contributes to radiation injury?
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Total dose
Dose rate Cell sensitivity Age |
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Which statement is correct? Long term effects are seen with small amounts of radiation absorbed in a ____.
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Long period
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Radiation injuries that are not seen in the person irradiated but that occur in future generations are termed:
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Genetic Effects
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Which of the following is most susceptible to ionizing radiation?
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Small lymphocyte
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The sensitivity of tissues to radiation is determined by:
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Mitotic activity
cell differentiation cell metabolism |
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Which of the following is considered radioresistant?
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Mature bone cells
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An organ that, if damaged, diminishes the quality of an individual's life is termed a:
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Critical Organ
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The traditional unit for measuring x-ray exposure in air is termed:
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The roentgen
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Which of the following radiation units is determined by the quality factor (QF)?
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The rem
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The unit for measuring the absorption of x-rays is termed?
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The roentgen
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Which of the following conversions is correct?
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1 R _ 2.58 x 10 (-4) c/kg
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Which of the following traditional units does not have an SI equivalent?
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The roentgen
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Which of the following is used only for x-rays?
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the roentgen
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What is the average does of background radiation received by an individual in the US?
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150 to 300 mrads
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What is the greatest contributor to artificial radiation exposure?
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medical radiation
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The amount of radiation exposure an individual receives varies depending on:
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film speed
collimation technique exposure factors |
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A single intraoral radiograph (D-speed film, 70 kVp, long PID) results in a mean surface exposure of:
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250 mR
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What is the dose at which leukemia induction is most likely to occur?
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5000 mrads
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T/F: X-radiation is not harmful to living tissues.
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False
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The time that elapses between exposure to ionizing radiation and the appearance of observable clinical signs.
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Latent Period
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Factors for Radiation Injury:
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Cell Sensitivity:
1. Mitotic Activity 2. Cell Differentiation 3. Cell Metabolism |
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Mitotic Activity
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Cells that divide frequently and undergo many divisions over time are more radiosensitive.
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Cell Differentiation
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Cells that are immature & that are not highly specialized are more radiosensitive.
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Cell Metabolism
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Cells that have a higher metabolism are more radiosensitive.
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Genetic Effects
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Not seen in person, but in the health of offspring.
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Radiosensitive Cells:
Highly Sensitive |
Small lymphocytes, bone marrow, reproductive cells
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Radiosensitive Cells:
Fairly High Sensitive |
skin, lens of eyes, oral mucosa
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Radiosensitive Cells:
Medium Sensitivity |
connective tissue, small blood vessels, growing bone and cartilage
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Radioresistant Cells:
Fairly Low Sensitivity |
Mature bones and cartilage, salivary glands, thyroid gland of an adult, kidney and liver
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Radioresistant Cells:
Low Sensitivity |
Muscle and nerve
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What is ALARA ?
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As Low As Reasonably Achievable
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MPD--Maximum Permitable Dose
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5 rem/year
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MAD--Maximum Accumulated Dose
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[N(age) - 18] x 5 rems/yr.
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NON-OCCUPATIONAL persons MPD.
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0.1 rems/year
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