Positive Psych Test 1

Front 1

Why the Negative Focus

Back 1

Negative aspects are perceived as more authentic and real. Negatives are more important… Two main beliefs for negative focus are rooted in negative beliefs about the basic nature of humanity, and skepticism about the scientific basic of positive psychology’s subject model.

Front 2

Sigmund Freud

Back 2

Was influential in promoting the belief that beneath the veneer of everyday politeness and kindess lurked more self serving motives. Believed that human behavior is motivated primarily by self serving drives that must be controlled and channeled in productive ways for society to function effectively. His legacy has been to perpetuate a negative image of human nature.

Front 3

Negatives as more important

Back 3

Generally in human nature “ the bad is stronger than the good.” We assume that life is going to be good. Psychologists are simply human so they study what attracts the greatest attentions and has the most effect on human life.

Front 4

The Disease Model

Back 4

Has produced many successes in treating psychopathology. Is of limited value when it comes to promoting health and preventing illness.

Front 5

Martin Seligman

Back 5

May have been the first contemporary psychologist to call this new perspective “ positive psychology.”

Front 6

The Nun Study

Back 6

Comparing based on autobiographical sketches when they entered the nunnery when they were 22 years old…. 180 nuns.
• Hypothesis: Cheerful people shown in autobiographical sketches will live longer than noncheerful people
• It’s a longitudinal study
• - 90% of most cheerful nuns alive at 85 yrs. of age.
• - Only 34% of least cheerful alive at 85.

• - 54% of most cheerful still going at 94 yrs.
• - Only 11% of least cheerful.

• “Early” deaths in 50s & 60s mostly least cheerful.

Front 7

When did the field of Positive Psych emerge

Back 7

1998 by Seligman APA presidential address

Front 8

posttraumatic growth

Back 8

positive growth can occur as a result of traumatic experiences like serious illness, loss of a loved one, or a major accident or disability.

Front 9

Subjective well being

Back 9

happiness. Measures of SWB assess a persons level of life satisfaction and the frequency of positive and negative emotional experiences.

Front 10

The pleasant life

Back 10

reflects the emphasis in positive psychology on understanding the determinants of happiness as a desired state. Specifically, what life circumstances make people happy, content, and fulfilled.

Front 11

The engaged life

Back 11

An aspect of happiness focused on active involvement in activities (e.g, work and leisure) and relationships with others that express our talents and strengths that give meaning and purpose to our lives.

Front 12

A meaningful life

Back 12

an aspect of happiness that derives from going beyond our own self-interest and preoccupations. A deeper more enduring aspect of happiness.

Front 13

Hedonic Happiness

Back 13

Defining the good life in terms of personal happiness.

Front 14

daimon

Back 14

Your true self

Front 15

peak-end rule

Back 15

Averaging the intensity of what they recall and the end of the experience.

Front 16

subjective well being

Back 16

life satisfaction, the presence of positive affect, and a relative absence of negative affect

Front 17

eudaimonic happiness

Back 17

Happiness as self-realization, meaning the expression and fulfillment of inner potentials. Happiness results from striving toward self-actualization, a process in which our talents, needs, and deeply held values direct the way we conduct our lives. Eudainomic happiness results from experiences of personal expressiveness.

Front 18

Experience sampling methods

Back 18

encompass a variety of measures that provide "a day in the life" view of emotions and events in peoples lives.

Front 19

Day reconstruction method by Kahneman

Back 19

promises to combine the accuracy of real time measures with the efficiency of daily diaries.

Front 20

Study by Harker and Keltner

Back 20

Examined life outcomes for women showing one of two kinds of smiles in their college yearbook… A genuine smile (Duchenne smile) and a inauthentic smile (Non-Duchenne smile). 141 women from Mills college. Contacted at 27, 43, and 52 years old. Duchenne women showed consistently higher levels of personal well being and life satisfaction and lower levels of physical and psychological problems.

Front 21

Buffering hypothesis

Back 21

States that social support from others reduces (i.e. buffers) the potential debilitating effects of stress.

Front 22

Savoring

Back 22

the capacity to attend to, appreciate, and enhance the positive experiences in life. Example savoring food.

Front 23

Negative Affect

Back 23

Emotions such as anger,fear, sadness,guilt, contempt, and disgust

Front 24

Positive Affect

Back 24

Emotions such as cheerfulness,joy,contentment, and happiness.

Front 25

Direct effect hypothesis

Back 25

social support. Relationships contribute to health whether or not experiencing stress…Good relations make us happier and healthier independent of stressful life experiences.

Front 26

Problem focused coping

Back 26

Involves behaviors directed at altering, reducing, or eliminating the source of stress,
such as seeking concrete help from others, taking action to change a stressful life situation, or gathering and evaluating information to assess ones alternatives.

Front 27

Emotion focused coping

Back 27

involves an attempt to change or reduce ones own response to a stressful experience.
Examples include avoiding the problem, denying the problem exists, seeking emotional support from others, venting ones emotions to relieve stress, and positive self talk.

Front 28

Proactive coping

Back 28

Involves efforts to prevent stress from happening in the first place.
An example would be going to the doctor when first notice symptoms that might indicate a serious illness.