Physiology Of Sport And Exercise 5Th Edition: Chapter 3

Front 1

Acetylcholine

Back 1

the primary neurotransmitter for the motor neurons that innervate skeletal muscle as well as for most parasym pathetic autonomic neurons.

Front 2

Adrenergic

Back 2

nerves that primarily release norepinephrine

Front 3

Axon Terminal

Back 3

Tiny bulbs that are dilated at the tips of the end branches.

Front 4

Axon Hillock

Back 4

The cone-shaped region on the side toward the axon where the cell body tapers.

Front 5

Central Nervous System

Back 5

Composed of brain and spinal cord, and is a part of the nervous system.

Front 6

Cholinergic

Back 6

nerves that have acetulcholine as their primary neurotransmitter

Front 7

Depolarization

Back 7

occurs any time the charge difference becomes more positive than the RMP of -70 m/v, moving closer to zero.

Front 8

End Branches

Back 8

Where the axon splits off into numerous end branches.

Front 9

Excitatory Postsynaptic Potential

Back 9

An excitatory impulse causes depolarization

Front 10

Golgi Tendon Organ

Back 10

encapsulated sensory receptors through which a small bundle of muscle tendon fibers pass.

Front 11

Graded Potential

Back 11

localized changes in the membrane potential either depolarization or hyperpolarization.

Front 12

Hyperpolarization

Back 12

the charge difference across the membrane increases, moving from the RMPto an even more negative value, then the membrane becomes more polarized.

Front 13

Inhibitory Postsynaptic Potential

Back 13

An inhibitory impulse causes a hyperpolarizaton.

Front 14

Motor Nerves

Back 14

Responsible for sending information form the Central Nervous System to the various tissues, organs, and systems of the body in response to the signals coming in from the sensory division.

Front 15

Motor Reflex

Back 15

preprogrammed response ay time the sensory nerves transmit certain action potentials the body responds instantly and identically.

Front 16

Muscle Spindle

Back 16

a group of specialized muscle fibers found between regular skeletal muscle fibers referred to as extrafusal (outside the spindle) fibers.

Front 17

Myelin Sheath

Back 17

fatty substance that insulates the cell membrane and is formed by specialized cells called Schwann cells

Front 18

Nerve Impulse

Back 18

An electrical signal.

Front 19

Neuromuscular Junction

Back 19

neurons communicate with other neurons at synapses an a-motor neuron communicates with its muscle fibers at a site

Front 20

Neuron

Back 20

The basic structural unit of the nervous system.

Front 21

Neurotransmitter

Back 21

Chemicals fill the terminal knobs house.

Front 22

norepinepherine

Back 22

the neurotrasmitter for most sympathetic autonomic neurons and it too can be wither excitatory or inhabitory depending on the receptors involved.

Front 23

Peripheral Nervous System

Back 23

The second part of the nervous system composed of the sensory nerves and motor nerves.

Front 24

Resting Membrane Potential

Back 24

The electrical difference of a typical neurons cell membrane

Front 25

Saltatory Conduction

Back 25

the action potential appears to jump from one node to the next as it traverses a myelinated fiber.

Front 26

Sensory Nerves

Back 26

Responsible for informing the Central Nervous System about what is going on within and outside the body.

Front 27

Sensory-Motor Integration

Back 27

the communication between the motor and sensory system to make motion and propel action.

Front 28

Sodium-Potassium Pump

Back 28

maintains the imbalance on each side of the membrane by actively transporting potassium ions in and sodium ions out.

Front 29

Synapse

Back 29

the site of action potential transmission from the axon terminals of one neuron to the dendrites or soma of another.

Front 30

Threshold

Back 30

The membrane voltage at which a graded potential becomes an action potential is called the depolarization threshold.