Physiology Of Sport And Exercise 5Th Edition: Chapter 8

Front 1

afterload

Back 1

the pressure against which the heart must pump blood determined by the peripheral resistance in the large arteries.

Front 2

anaerobic threshold

Back 2

the point at which the metabolic demands of exercise can no longer be met by available aerobic sources and at which an increase in anaerobic metabolism occurs reflected by an increase in blood lactate concentration.

Front 3

cardiovascular drift

Back 3

an increase in heart rate during exercise to compensate for a decrease in stroke volume. this compensation helps maintain a constant cardiac output

Front 4

central command

Back 4

information originating in the brain that is transmitted to the cardiovascular muscular or pulmonary system.

Front 5

dyspnea

Back 5

labored or difficult breathing.

Front 6

exercise induced arterial hypoxemia

Back 6

a decline in arterial PO2 and arterial oxygen saturation during maximal or near maximal exercise.

Front 7

Frank-Starling mechanism

Back 7

the mechanism by which an increased amount of blood in the ventricle causes a stronger ventricular contraction to increase the amount of blood ejected.

Front 8

hydrostatic pressure

Back 8

the pressure exerted by a stationary column of fluid in a tube.

Front 9

hyperventilation

Back 9

a breathing rate or tidal volume greater than necessary for normal function.

Front 10

maximal voluntary ventilation

Back 10

the maximal capacity to move air into and out of the lungs usually measured for 12's and extrapolated to a per minutes value.

Front 11

maximum heart rate

Back 11

the highest heart rate value attainable during an all out effort to the point of exhaustion.

Front 12

oncotic pressure

Back 12

the pressure exerted by the concentration of proteins in a solution drawing water from regions with lower oncotic pressures.

Front 13

preload

Back 13

the degree to which the myocardium is stretched before it contracts determined by factors such as central blood volume.

Front 14

rate-pressure product

Back 14

the mathematical product of heart rate X systolic blood pressure also called the double product.

Front 15

resting heart rate

Back 15

the heart rate at rest averaging 60 to 80 beats/min

Front 16

steady-state heart rate

Back 16

a heart rate that is maintained constant at submaximal levels of exercise when the rate of work is held constant.

Front 17

sympatholysis

Back 17

the process by which locally released vasodilating substances in exercising muscle compete with and dominate the vasoconstrictor influence of sympathetic stimulation.

Front 18

total peripheral resistance

Back 18

the resistance to the flow of blood through the entire systemic circulation.

Front 19

Valsalva maneuver

Back 19

the process of holding the breath and attempting to compress the contents of the abdominal and thoracic cavities causing increased in the abdominal and intathoracic pressure

Front 20

ventilatory equivalent for carbon dioxide

Back 20

the ratio of the volume of air ventilated to the amount of carbon dioxide produced.

Front 21

ventilatory equivalent for oxygen

Back 21

the ratio between the volume of air ventilated and the amount of oxygen consumed indicates breathing economy

Front 22

ventilatory threshold

Back 22

older name for the ventilator breakpoint.