Physiology Of Sport And Exercise 5Th Edition: Chapter 1

Front 1

Nebulin

Back 1

An anchoring protein for actin, coextend with actin and appears to play a regulatory role in mediating actin and myosin interactions.

Front 2

Perimysium

Back 2

Connective tissue sheath surrounding each fasciculus

Front 3

Plasmalemma

Back 3

A plasma membrane surrounding individual muscle fibers.

Front 4

Power Stroke

Back 4

The tilting of the head

Front 5

Principle of Orderly Recruitment

Back 5

The motor units within a given muscle appear to be ranked.

Front 6

Rate Coding

Back 6

The process by which the tension of a given motor unit can vary from that of a twitch to that of tetanus by increasing the frequency of stimulation of that motor unit.

Front 7

Sarcolemma

Back 7

Composed of the plasmalemma and the basement membrane.

Front 8

Saromere

Back 8

The basic funtional unit of a myofibril and the basic contractile unit of muscle.

Front 9

Sarcoplasm

Back 9

A gelatin-like substance that fills the spaces between and within the myofibrils.

Front 10

Sarcoplasmic Reticulum (SR)

Back 10

A longitudinal network of tubules found within the muscle fiber.

Front 11

Satellite Cells

Back 11

Located between the plasmalemma and the basement membrane.
Involved in growth development of skeletal muscle and muscle's adaptation to injury, immobilization, and training.

Front 12

Size Principle

Back 12

A mechanism that may partially explain the principle of orderly recruitment.

Front 13

Sliding Filament Theory

Back 13

When the myosin cross-bridges are activated they bind with actin, resulting in a conformational change in the cross-bridge, which causes the myosin head to tilt and to drag the thin filament toward the center of the sarcomere.

Front 14

Static (Isometric) Contraction

Back 14

Muscles acting without moving. Happens when the muscle generates force but its length remains static (unchanged).

Front 15

Summation

Back 15

A series of three stimuli in rapid sequence, prior to complete relaxation from the first stimulus, can elicit an even greater increase in for or tension.

Front 16

Tetanus

Back 16

A state of continued stimulation at higher frequencies.

Front 17

Titin

Back 17

Stabilizes the myosin filaments along their longitudinal axis. They are filaments that extend from the Z-disk to the M-line.

Front 18

Transverse Tubules (T-tubules)

Back 18

Extensions of the plasmalemma that pass laterally through the muscle fiber. Allowing nerve impulses received by the plasmalemma to be transmitted rapidly to individual myofibrils.

Front 19

Tropomyosin

Back 19

One of Three Protein molecules that make each actin filament.

Front 20

Troponin

Back 20

One of Three Protein molecules that make each actin filament.

Front 21

Twitch

Back 21

The smallest contractile response of a muscle fiber or a motor unit to a single electrical stimulus.

Front 22

Type I (Slow Twitch) Fiber

Back 22

Muscle fiber that takes 110 ms to reach peak tension in stimulation.

Front 23

Type II (Fast Twitch) Fiber

Back 23

Muscle fiber that takes 50 ms to reach peak tension in stimulation.

Front 24

Actin

Back 24

What thinner filaments are composed primarily of.

Front 25

Action Potential

Back 25

Arrives at the a-motor neuron's dendrites, specialized receptors on the neuron's cell body.

Front 26

Adenosine Triphosphatase (ATPase)

Back 26

Located on the myosin head, splits the ATP to yield ADP, inorganic phosphate, and energy.

Front 27

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

Back 27

Molecule that binds with myosin for muscle contraction to occur because ATP supplies needed energy.

Front 28

Concentric Contraction

Back 28

A muscle principal action, shortening.

Front 29

Dynamic Contraction

Back 29

When there is joint movement is produced, concentric contractions are considered dynamic.

Front 30

Eccentric Contraction

Back 30

The action of muscles exerting force even while lengthening.

Front 31

Endomysium

Back 31

A sheath of connective tissue that covers each muscle fiber.

Front 32

Epimysium

Back 32

Outer connective tissue covering of the muscle.

Front 33

Excitation-Contraction Coupling

Back 33

The complex sequence of events that triggers a muscle fiber to contract.

Front 34

Fasciculus (fascicle)

Back 34

Small bundles of fibers wrapped in a connective tissue sheath.

Front 35

Motor Unit

Back 35

A single a-motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it directly signals are collectively a motor unit.

Front 36

Muscle Fiber

Back 36

each fiber is a muscle cell that are multinucleated.

Front 37

Musculoskeletal System

Back 37

Skeletal muscles and the bones of the skeleton make up this system

Front 38

Myofibril

Back 38

Small fibers made up of the basic contractile elements of skeletal muscle- the sarcomeres.

Front 39

Myosin

Back 39

What the thicker filaments are made of primarily.

Front 40

Myosin Cross-Bridge

Back 40

Is attracted to actin molecules.