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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Urinary System Functions |
-Volume regulation -Acid-base balance -Electrolyte balance -Removal of waste -Endocrine |
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Endocrine |
Function of kidney is production of Erythropoietin |
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Erythropoietin |
stimulates erythropoesis which forms blood cells -procrit carries oxygen -Ex: Blood doping |
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Peritoneal |
Inside lining of abdominal wall/pelvic cavity |
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Retroperitoneal |
Behind the peritoneal |
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Internal Urethra |
Smooth muscle, autonomic control |
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External Urethra |
Skeletal muscle, voluntary bladder control (Potty training) |
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Detrusor |
Bladder muscle |
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Trigone |
opening of urethra |
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Electrolytes |
Ions |
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Nephron |
Functional urine unit of a kidney |
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Glomerular Filtration |
Movement of components of plasma out of the glomerular capillaries and into Bowman's capsule |
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Glomerular Filtrate |
-Same as plasma minus the plasma proteins -The fluid in the Glomerular Filtration |
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Plasma |
Fluid portion of the blood |
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Tubular reabsorption |
Move something from nephron tubules to the blood (in peritubulars) |
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Peritubular capillaries |
Capillaries around the tubulars |
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Transport Maximum |
Maximum rate @ which you can actively transport something out of a nephron tubule |
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Renal-Plasma Threshold |
Plasma level @ which something starts to be present in the urine |
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Glucosuria/Glycosuria |
When glucose shows up in the urine Decrease Tmax = Decrease RP |
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Cushing's Disease |
excess glucose corticoids |
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Glucose intolerance |
Inability to regulate glucose |
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Gout |
Uric acid builds u in the big toe |
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Tubular Secreation |
Put tubular capilary blood into the nephron loop |
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Clearance |
Measure of the ability of the kidneys to remove a substance from the blood How well does it remove the substance? |
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Creatinine Clearance |
By product of creatine. Release from muscle into blood |
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Intracellular Fluids |
Fluid found in the body inside cells -K+ -PO4-- |
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Extracellular Fluid |
Fluid inside the body outside the cells -Na+ Cl- |
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Hemocrit |
Percentage of blood that is formed elements -RBC |
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Sensible |
Water loses that can perceive senses Ex: Urination |
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Insensible |
Water loses you cannot/unaware of by senses Ex: Breath out, sweating minuet amounts |
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7.4 |
Normal arterial blood pH |
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Acidosis |
In presence of acids |
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Alkalosis |
In presence of base |
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Buffer system |
2 or more molecules in a solution which minimize pH change |
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Strong Acid |
High Dissociation |
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Weak Acid |
Low Dissociation |
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Respiratory Regulations: Bicarbonate formula |
CO2 + H2O = H2CO3 = [H+] + HCO3- |
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Kidneys |
Most powerful regulator of Acid-base |
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4 Primary Acid-base Disturbances |
- Respiratory Acidosis -Respiratory Alkalosis -Metabolic Acidosis -Metabolic Alkalosis |
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Respiratory Acidosis |
CO2 retention Decr pH = Incr [H+] |
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Respiratory Alkalosis |
Excess loss of CO2 Incr pH = Decr [H+] |
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Metabolic Acidosis |
Anything but retention of CO2 Decr pH = Incr [H+] |
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Metabolic Alkalosis |
Anything but loss of CO2 Incr pH = Decr [H+] |
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Respiratory System |
-Ventalation -Blood gas transport -Respiratory Regulation |
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Pneumothorax |
Air in the intrapleura space |
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Parietal Pluera |
Inside lining of the thoracic cavity |
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Visceral Pleura |
Outside lining of lungs |
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Intrapleura space |
Area between lungs and thoracic cavity |
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Hydrothorax |
water in the Intrapleura space |
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Hemothorax |
Blood in the intrapleura space |
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Atelectasis |
collapse of lung tissue or failure of lung to expand when born |
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Surface Tension |
Something that occurs at interface between different types of matter |
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LaPlace Law |
In a spherical drop or bubble pressure is directly proportional to surface tension and inversely proportional to radius Incr radius = Decr pressure |
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Pulmonary Surfactant |
-Reduces surface tension (Decr pressure to keep lungs open -Stabilize aveoli of different sizes |
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Oxygen Transport methods |
-Dissolve O2 (1.5%) -Hemoglobin (Hb) (98.5%) |
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Anemia |
Not enough oxygen in blood |
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HbO2 Affinity Skeletal M. |
Increase Acidity, Temp, CO2 = Decr Affinity |
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HbO2 Affinity Lungs |
Decrease Acidity, temp, CO2 = Incr Affinity |
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CO2 Transport |
-Dissolved (10%) -Combination with hemoglobin (20-30%) -Bicarbonate Ions (60%) |
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Respiratory Regulation variables |
-CO2 -pH -O2 |
