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75 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is bio mechanics?
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science that examines the internal and external acting on the human body, and the effects produced by these forces.
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what is QUANTITATIVE analysis?
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involves measurements of variables that are thought to optimize or maximize performance.
EX) sequence of muscle activity using an electromyography (emg) |
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What is QUALITATIVE analysis?
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Involves obtaining visual or aural information to assess performance.
ex) it uses techniques to use for error detection and correction |
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what is an internal force?
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Generated by muscles pulling via their tendons on bones, and to bone-on-bone forces exerted across joint surfaces
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what is an external force?
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Acting from without, such as the force of gravity or the force from any body contact with the ground, environment, sport equipment, or opponent
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what are the three types of motion?
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1.Linear Motion
2.General Motion 3.Angular Motion |
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what is linear motion?
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When all parts of the body move the same distance, in the same direction, at the same time.
example) a skaters glide |
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three types of linear motion?
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Translation- refers to movement of the body as a unit without individual segment parts of the body moving relative to one another
Rectilinear- motion occurs when movement follows a straight line Curvilinear -motion occurs when the movement path is curved |
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what is angular motion?
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angular or rotation Occurs when a body moves along a circular path, through the same angle, in the same direction, and at the same time
ex) a gymnast on a high bar |
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what is the axis or rotation when dealing with angular motion?
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it is the point about which movement occurs.
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what is general motion?
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general motion is a mix between angular and linear motion.
ex) wrestler |
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first class lever?
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example teeter tooter. the axis is between the load and the effort. or you could say the axis is between the resistance arm and the force arm.
this lever is for balance movements |
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second class lever?
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example is a wheel barrel. the resistance arm is between the axis and the force arm. the axis is near the resistance. this lever is for force movements
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third class lever?
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example is a bicep curl. the force arm is between the axis and the resistance arm. the axis is near the force.this lever is for speed and range of motion
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what is equailibrium?
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describes the state of a system that is not experiencing any change in its direction or speed.
static or dynamic |
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what is balance?
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the process whereby the body's state of equilibrium is controlled for a given purpose. balance is the base of support and the line of gravity.
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what is stability?
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a relative term and is a measure of the ease or difficulty with which equilibrium can be disturbed.
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what does a clinical exercise physiologist do?
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works with people with chronic diseases where exercise has been proven to help. ACSM usually required
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what does strength and conditioning coaches do?
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design and implement strength training programs for entire sport teams.CSCS usually required
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what does a group exercise instructor or a personal trainer do?
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knowledgeable leadership skills, deals with diverse populations such as yoga classes or pilates
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what are all the careers with an exercise physiology degree?
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Group exercise instructor
Health and Fitness counselor Employee Fitness Director Personal Trainer Clinical Exercise Physiologist Strength and Conditioning Coach |
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what are some higher paying jobs you can further your education and get?
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Occupational Therapy
Chiropractor Physician's assistant |
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what does ACSM stand for?
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American College of Sports Medicine
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What does NSCA stand for?
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National Strength & Conditioning Association
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What does ACE stand for?
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American Council on Exercise
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what is anatomical position?
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1. standing erect
2.standing face forward 3.arms hanging at sides thumbs out 4. legs straight parallel to each other. this is the starting position when talking about movements. |
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what is lateral?
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away from the midline of the body
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what is medial?
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toward the midline of the body
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what is anterior? or ventral
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in front of or front of your body
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what is posterior? or dorsal
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behind or back of your body
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what is distal?
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further from some specified region
ex. with respect to the trunk, the hands are distal to the arms. |
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what is proximal?
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closer to some specified region
ex. the arms are proximal to the hands when the trunk is the specified region |
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what is superficial?
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nearer to the surface of the body.
ex. the skin is more superficial than muscle |
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what is deep?
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farther from the surface of the body.
ex. the heart lies deep to the ribs |
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what is superior and inferior?
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superior means above. inferior means below.
ex. your lips are superior to your chin and your chin is inferior to your lips |
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what is the supine position?
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lying on the back
ex. bench press |
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what is the prone position?
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lying face down
ex. preparing to perform a push up |
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what are planes used for?
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imaginary flat surfaces that divide the human body.
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what are the three planes?
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coronal or frontal plane
median plane or midsagittal plane transverse or horizontal plane |
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what is the coronal or frontal plane?
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a vertical plane that bisects the body into front and back
it is at right angles to the median plane |
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what is median or midsagittal plane?
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a vertical plane that bisects the body into equal right and left halves. midsagittal plane is any plane parallel to the median plane.
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what is the transverse or horizontal plane?
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a horizontal plane that bisects the body into top and bottom. it is at right angles to both the median and coronal planes
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what is center of gravity?
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the point at which the median, frontal, and transverse planes intersect or meet.
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what is flexion?
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reduces the angle between two bones at a joint
ex. curling |
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what is extension?
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increases the angle between two bones at at a joint.
ex. going back to curling starting position |
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what is an abduction movement?
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moving a segment away from the midline of the body.
ex. leg moving away from midline |
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what is an adduction movement?
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moving segment toward the midline of the body. this is a frontal plane movement.
ex. jumping jack |
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what is a dorsiflexion movement?
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with respect to the ankle it is a movement bringing the to of the foot toward the lower leg or shin.
ex. up on your heels |
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what is a plantar flexion movement?
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"planting" the foot
ex. up on your tip toes |
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what is circumduction movement?
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a cone of a movement that does not include any rotation. it occurs when flexion-extension movements are combined with abduction-adduction movements.
ex. tracing an imaginary circle in the air with your index finger |
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what is a medial rotation?
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rotation toward the midline
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what is a lateral rotation?
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rotation away from the midline
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what is an inversion movement?
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when the sole is turned inward as when you roll your ankle. bottom of foot comes inward
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what is an eversion movement?
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when the sole is turned outward or away from the median plane of the body. sole goes outward
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what is lateral flexion?
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movement of the head and/or trunk in the frontal plane laterally away from the midline. side bending. abduction of the spine. reduction is when the spine comes back to normal straight position
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what is pronation?
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when the palm is moved to face posteriorly or. palms down
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what is supination?
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when the palm is moved to face anteriorly or palms up like holding a bowl of soup
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what movement is radial flexion?
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when the hand is moved toward the thumb. on the side of the radial bone
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what movement is ulnar flexion?
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when the hand is moved toward the little finger. on the side of the ulnar bone.
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what is palmar flexion?
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when the hand is raised up only moving the hand up. like calling someone to come over
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what is dorsiflexion in respect to the hand?
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moving the hand further down than at a straight line
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what does CNS stand for?
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Central Nervous System and it includes the brain and the spinal cord. the cns is like the head quarters of what happens in the body
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what does PNS stand for?
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the Peripheral Nervous System. it does all the errands for the cns.the pns is afferent which are receptors picking up information to send to the cns. and efferent responds to changes needed.
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what is the autonomic nervous systems job?
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it is responsible for maintaining internal environment
effector organs not under voluntary control are smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands |
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what is a neurons job?
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it is excitable tissue. has the ability to respond to a stimulus and convert it to a neural impulse. (irritability) the transmission of the impulse goes down the axon. (conductivity)
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what is a motor unit?
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it is a motor neuron (nervous system cells) and all the muscle fibers it innervates. nerves pass on the signal to muscle to contract and cause movement
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what are the three types of muscle?
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smooth muscle
skeletal muscle cardiac muscle |
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describe smooth muscle
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Located in the blood vessels, respiratory tract, iris of the eye, gastro-intestinal (GI) tract
Fatigue resistant ACTIVATION IS INVOLUNTARY |
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describe cardiac muscle
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Has characteristics of both skeletal and smooth muscle
CONTRACTILE ACTIVITY OF THE HEART Very fatigue resistant Activation of cardiac muscle is involuntary (like smooth muscle) |
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describe skeletal muscle
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attached to bones, it is striated. it has voluntary control and it functions mostly in movement.
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what is excitability?
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responds to electrical impulses
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what is contractility?
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shortened when stimulated
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what is extensibility?
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muscle can be stretched
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what is elasticity?
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returning to resting position.
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what are the components of skeletal muscle?
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myofilaments
myofibril muscle fiber- functional cell of a muscle sarcolemma- cell membrane of a muscle |
