Physiology Exam 3

Front 1

Cardiovascular System

Back 1

Controls environment of the cells

Front 2

4 chambered heart

Back 2

complete separation of pulmonary and systemic circuts

Front 3

Pulmonary

Back 3

goes to lungs

Front 4

Systemic

Back 4

everywhere else but lungs

Front 5

Pericardial

Back 5

the heart sits in a sac filled with pericardial fluid

Front 6

Cardiac Valve

Back 6

Job is to prevent backflow

Front 7

Regurgitation

Back 7

Aka Backflow

Front 8

Insufficiency

Back 8

The valve does not close fully

Front 9

Stenosis

Back 9

Failure of valve to open fully, narrowing

Front 10

Heart murmur

Back 10

Blood spurting through a narrowing/ opening

Front 11

Emptying phase

Back 11

Insufficiency of mitral valve

Front 12

Incompetent Valve

Back 12

Does not close or open fully (not doing it's job)

Front 13

Refractory Period

Back 13

Time period when you cannot re-stimulate it

Front 14

Pacemaker

Back 14

Area of the heart within the highest auto rhythmic rate

Front 15

Sinoatrail (SA) node

Back 15

Normal pacemaker if the heart

Front 16

Ectopic

Back 16

When the pacemaker is somewhere else besides the SA node

Front 17

AV node Delay

Back 17

When the AV node stops for a 0.1 second delay

Front 18

Arrhythmia

Back 18

abnormal heart rate

Front 19

Ectopic focus

Back 19

Pacemaker somewhere other then SA node

Front 20

Extra sytole

Back 20

Extra beat of the heart

Front 21

Premature Ventricular Contraction

Back 21

Extra Ineffective beat

Front 22

Systole

Back 22

Contraction phase of cardiac cycle/ empty phase

Front 23

Diastole

Back 23

Relaxation phase of cardiac cycle/ fill phase

Front 24

Heart sounds

Back 24

Closure of cardiac valve

Front 25

Lub S1

Back 25

Closure of atrioventricular valve (lower tone)

Front 26

Dup S2

Back 26

Closure of Semilunar Valve (higher pitch)

Front 27

Elctrocardiogram

Back 27

Recording of electrical activity of the heart

Front 28

P

Back 28

Atrial depolarization

Front 29

QRS Complex

Back 29

Ventricular Depolarization

Front 30

T

Back 30

Ventricular Repolarization

Front 31

Systolic Pressure

Back 31

Ventricular pressure with regard to systole

Front 32

Cardiac Output

Back 32

Volume of blood you pump per min

Front 33

Cardiac Reserve

Back 33

Difference between max Co and resting Co

Front 34

MAP = Co X Res (volume accounts too)

Back 34

Mean Arterial Pressure

Front 35

Afterload

Back 35

Pressure you are pumping against

Front 36

Preload

Back 36

End Diastolic Volume

Front 37

Stroke Volume

Back 37

End Diastolic volume - End Systolic Volume

Front 38

Starling's Law of the Heart

Back 38

Within limits, increasing end diastolic volume causes increase force of contraction

Front 39

3 ways to Regulate Blood pressure

Back 39

1: Neural

2: Hormonal

3: Renal/Kidney

Front 40

Baroreceptors

Back 40

Located in carotid sinuses in aortic arch

Front 41

Cardiac center

Back 41

Cardiac output in the neural feedback look

Front 42

Vasomotor center

Back 42

Vasomotor tone, vasodialation, and vasoconstriction are PR in neural feedback loop

Front 43

Barometric Pressure

Back 43

Atmosphere pressure

Front 44

Aldosterone

Back 44

Save salt = save water = increase BP

Front 45

ADH

Back 45

Saves water = increase BP

Front 46

Epinephrine and Norepinephrine

Back 46

Increase HR = Increase BP

Front 47

Angiotensionogen

Back 47

Plasma protein manufactured in Liver

Front 48

Renin

Back 48

Splits angiotensionogen into angiotension I

Front 49

Angiontension II causes

Back 49

-Increase vasoconstriction

-Increase aldosterone

Front 50

Hypertension

Back 50

Persistent elevation of systemic arterial pressure

Front 51

High BP

Back 51

140/90 mmHg

Front 52

Essential (Primary) Hypertension

Back 52

Hypertension of etiology (unknown)

Front 53

Secondary Hypertension

Back 53

Known etiology

Ex: Increased ADH, Aldosterone disease, kidney problems

Front 54

Hypotension

Back 54

not enough force to drive blood to tissues

Front 55

Low BP

Back 55

Systolic < 100mmHg

Front 56

Syncope

Back 56

Fainting due to lack of cerebral blood flow

Front 57

S&S of Syncope

Back 57

Pale

Fatigued

Lathargic

Increased HR (Symp on)

Sweating (Symp on)

Front 58

Orthostatic Hypotension

Back 58

Body position hypotension

Ex: laying down, blood moves easier then standing up (Decr BP laying : Incr BP standing)

Front 59

Circulatory Shock

Back 59

Generalized inadequate tissue profusion

Front 60

Ischemia

Back 60

Local lack of profusion

Front 61

Infarction

Back 61

Death of tissue due to lack of blood supply

Front 62

Heart failure

Back 62

Failure of the heart to pump adequately, does not matter what caused it

Front 63

Congestive Heart Failure

Back 63

Not pumping so compensates by increasing volume (swelling)

Front 64

Blood backsup ----- of the effected ventricle

Back 64

Upstream

Front 65

Lymphatic system functions

Back 65

-Takes fluids out of intersteil fluid and returns to vascular system

-Immunity

Front 66

3 Levels of Lymphatic vessels

Back 66

1. Lymph capillaries

2. Lymph Vessels

3. Lymph Trunks

Front 67

Lymph capillaries

Back 67

Very permeable

Plasma proteins

Front 68

Plasma contents

Back 68

91% H2O

7% Protein

2% Other

Front 69

Plasma Proteins

Back 69

Albumins

Globulins

Fibrinogens

Front 70

Albumins

Back 70

-Draws water into cardiovascular capillaries

-Used for osmotic balance. Adema occurs if lose too much albumin

Ex: Egg whites

Front 71

Globulins

Back 71

alpha: transport proteins

beta: transport protein

gamma: antibodies

Front 72

Fibrinogens

Back 72

Precursor of fibrin

Front 73

Fibrin

Back 73

fiber of a clot

Front 74

Lymph Vessels

Back 74

-Respiratory movement

-Smooth muscle

-Skeletal muscle pumping

Front 75

Respiratory movement

Back 75

Boyles Law- when you breath in, pressure inside decreases and lymph pushes towards inside

Front 76

Boyles Law

Front 77

Smooth Muscle

Back 77

During a contraction of smooth muscle, volume decreases and pressure increases. This is to move lymph against gravity

Front 78

Skeletal muscle pumping

Back 78

When the skeletal muscle contracts, it pushes blood and lymph back to the heart

Front 79

Lymph Trunks

Back 79

Thoracic Duct and Right lymph duct

Front 80

Thoracic Duct

Back 80

-cisterna chyli to Left subclavian

-3/4 of the body

Front 81

Right Lymphatic Duct

Back 81

Dumps into the right subclavian

1/4 of the body

Front 82

Metastasis

Back 82

distance spread of a tumor by lymphatic or cardiovascular system

Front 83

Spleen

Back 83

Largest lymph organ

Disk shaped

pulpy inside

Front 84

Spleen functions

Back 84

-lymph node: make antibodies

-site of RBC destruction

-development of Immunity

Front 85

Elephantiasis

Back 85

When a parasite gets stuck in the Inguinal lymph node and leg swells like an elephant

Front 86

Immunity functions

Back 86

-Defense against pathogens

-Removal of cell debris (like splinters)

-Recognition of abnormal cells (surveillance, mutant)

Front 87

Specific Immunity

Back 87

Antibody recognition, directed at a particular pathogen

Front 88

Antigens

Back 88

-Immunocologically Recognized Chemical Grouping

Front 89

Salk

Back 89

Discovered polio vaccine

Front 90

Sabin

Back 90

discovered oral vaccine for polio. A weakened form but living when injected