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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Respiratory Zone
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Respiratory Bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs
Lots of branching No smooth muscle The exchange of gases (O2 and CO2) occur here; ~350mL of air |
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Conductive Zone
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Bronchi, Bronchioles, and terminal bronchioles
Have cartiladge for support 1. Provides low R path for air flow; smooth muscle and Tethering forces control air flow 2. Immune fx with cilia, mucous, and phagocytes 3. warms and moistens air to protect alveolar tissue 4. Phonation (vocal) |
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Tethering Forces
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Applies elastic forces to keep airways open; increase on inspiration
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Anatomic Dead Space
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LOOK IN BOOK!
450mL inspired/breath Only use 300mL This excess 150mL is the dead space Every time you breath, you must clear alveolar air from conducting airways ***Increasing depth of breathing enhances alveolar ventilatin b/c the airway dead space becomes a smaller fraction of each breath |
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Intrpleural fluid space of lungs
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Fx: Allows lungs to follow chest wall
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Obstructive Lung Disease
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An impairment in the airways reducing bulk flow to the alveoli
ie. asthma and emphysema |
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Restrictive Lung Dz
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An impairment resulting in lower compliacne; tissue or mechanical problem that restricts the free expansion of the thoracic cavity
ie. lung tissue fibrosis, asbestosis, tumors Compliance - ease with which the tissue inflates |
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Fxs of Pulmonary System
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1. Provide O2
2. Eliminate CO2 3. Regulate pH 4. Defense 5. Trap and dissolve blood clots 6. Phonation |
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Alveolar Wall
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Only 2 thin cell layers seperate alveolar air from pulmonary capillary blood
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Which respiration steps occur via diffusion, and which via bulk flow?
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conduction - bulk flow
Respiration - diffusion |
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Pressure of Atmosphere vs Alveolar Pressure
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Inspiration - alveolar P needs to be less and Atm P
(remember, when you increase V, you decrease P; so when you inhale and increase V/decrese P; the air follow the Pressure change and increases alveolar space Expiration - alveolar P needs to be greater than Atm P Alveolar pressure rises and falls, dependent on Volume, just as Boyle's law predicts |
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Flow
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Patm-Palv/Rairway
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What prevents lungs from collapsing?
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When you inspire, you decrease the HP in the interpleural fluid. Normally, interpleural fluid P is less than 1ATM.
A constant struggle exists b/w chest wanting to expand and lungs pulling in on chest (this tension keeps the P less than one ATM which prevents the lungs from collapsing) |
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Pressure in the interpleural fluid
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-4mmHg
Becomes more negative when you inspire |
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Pressure of alveoli
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0mmHg; same as atmospheric
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Resting Vol of Air in Lungs
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3L
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How much air do you replace/breath?
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10%, 350mL
Gas in lungs is fairly constant |
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Events of Inspiration
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1. Diaphragm and inspiratory intercostals contract
2. Thorax expands 3. Pip becomes more - 4. Transpulmonary P increses 5. Lungs expand 6. Palv becomes - 7. Air flows into alveoli |
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Events of expiration
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(no muscle effort required)
1. muscles stop contracting 2. chest wall moves inward 3. Pip becomes more + (although still -) 4. Lungs recoil 5. Air in alveoli becomes compressed 6. Palv becomes greater than Patm 7. Air flows out |
