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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Roman alphabet
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26 letters
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How many vowel sounds in AE?
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14
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How many dipthongs?
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5
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How many consonant sounds?
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24
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IPA
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International Phonetic Alphabet
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Old English (OE)
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prior to 1100 AD
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Middle English (ME)
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1100 to 1500 AD
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Modern English (MnE)
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1500 to present
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The Great Vowel Shift
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1350 to 1700 AD
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Components of language
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Syntax, Semantics, Morphology, Phonology
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Syntax
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the way in which words are put together in a sentence to convery meaning
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Semantics
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the study of meaning in language, especially the meaning of words
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Morphology
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the study of the way in which morphemes are combined to form words
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Phonology
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The study of the way in which the sounds of a language function to signify meaning
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Morphemes
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the smallest unit of language that carries meaning
Ex. Jump in Jumped |
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Free morpheme
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One that can carry meaning standing alone
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Bound Morpheme
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One that must be joined to another morpheme in order to carry meaning
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Allomorph
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one of two or more forms that a given morpheme has the same difference in meaning
Ex. cats, roses, children |
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Phoneme
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a basic speech segment that differentiates morphemes. Influences meaning, does not carry it.
Ex. the s in cats or the s in cupboards |
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Minimal pairs
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provide a means for determining whether particular speech sounds are actually phonemes
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Allophone
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a phonetic variant of a phoneme. A phoneme is essentially a family of speech sounds. Variations do not change the meaning.
Ex. /k/ in key and coo; /p/ in pat, spat, tap |
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complementary distribution
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a particular allophone is tied to a particular phonetic environment
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free variation
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a particular allophone is not tied to a particular phonetic environment
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Phonemic transcription
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to identify which sounds make meaningful distinctions in our language
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Phonetic transcription
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transcription of speech sounds with attention on the phonetic/allophonic variations that occur during speech
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Syllable
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a basic unit of speech production and perception generally consisting of a segment of greatest acoustic energy and segments of lesser energy. A unit of speech consisting of an onset and/or a rhyme
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Onset
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all consonants preceding a vowel in any syllable
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rhyme
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a syllable segment consisting of an obligatory nucleus (usually a vowel) and an optional coda
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nucleus
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the part of a syllable with the greatest acoustic energy; usually but not always a vowel
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coda
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the consonants that follow a vowel in any syllable; not all syllables have a coda
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closed syllable
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ends with a consonant
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open syllable
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ends with a vowel
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phonotactic rules
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the rules of language that dictate the allowable order of phonemes in creatoin of a meaningful syllable
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Phonetics
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the study of the speech sounds, their acoustic and perceptual characteristics, and how they are produced by the speech organs
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articulatory phonetics
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study of articulatory movements and resulting speech sounds
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acoustic phonetics
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study of speech sounds physical properties (frequency, intensity, duration)
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perceptual phonetics
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study of how speech sounds are processed by a listener; focus is on the acoustic properties of speech sounds to which a listener attends
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