Phonetics Chapter 1-3

Front 1

Phonetics

Back 1

Study of the production and perception of speech sounds

Front 2

Historical Phonetics

Back 2

Involves the study of sound changes in words

Front 3

Physiological Phonetics

Back 3

Involves the study of the function of the speech organs during the process of speaking

Front 4

Acoustic Phonetics

Back 4

Focuses on the differences in the frequency, intensity, and duration of the various consonants and vowels, closely related to perceptual phonetics

Front 5

Perceptual Phonetics

Back 5

Study of a listener's psychoacoustics response of speech sounds in terms of loudness, pitch, perceived length and quality, closely related to acoustic phonetics

Front 6

Experimental Phonetics

Back 6

Involves the laboratory study of physiological, acoustic, and perceptual phonetics

Front 7

Clinical Phonetics

Back 7

Involves the study and transcription of aberant speech behaviors, those that vary from what is considered to be "normal speech"

Front 8

Phonology

Back 8

Systematic organization of speech sounds in the production of language

Front 9

Phonotactic

Back 9

Rule system that tells you which sounds can be combined in a specific language

Front 10

IPA
(International Phonetic Alphabet)

Back 10

Represents all speech sounds in all language on earth, sound based not spelling based

Front 11

Variation of Phonetic Practice

Back 11

Allows us to transcribe a scientific notation for all spoken sounds, use it as it meets your clinical needs

Front 12

Morpheme

Back 12

Smallest meaningful unit of language

Front 13

Consonants

Back 13

Modification of breath sounds

Front 14

Vowels

Back 14

resonant sounds- changng resonant cavity shape, all vowel sounds are voiced meaning the vocal folds are vibrated

Front 15

Diphthong

Back 15

Two vowel sounds in single syllable "cow", "boy"

Front 16

Minimal pair

Back 16

Only 1 phoneme differs
examples:"cup" and "pup"
"slip" and rip" these have 2 phonemes

Front 17

Distinctive Features

Back 17

a sub phonemic property used in the classification of the sounds of the world's languages e.g. voicing, consonantal, vocalic, etc.

Front 18

English Sounds

Back 18

All English sounds are combos of vowels and consonants

Front 19

Where to look for Vowels

Back 19

Always look for vowels in the syllable structure

Front 20

Nucleus of a syllable

Back 20

vowel in the middle of the syllable, the part of a syllable with the greatest acoustic energy; usually, but not always a vowel

Front 21

Onset of the syllable

Back 21

The consonant that begins a syllable, all consonants preceding a vowel in any syllable; not all syllables contain an onset

Front 22

Coda of a syllable

Back 22

The consonant that ends a syllable, the consonants that follow a vowel in any syllable; not all syllables have a coda

Front 23

Word Stress

Back 23

Production of a syllable with increased force or muscular energy, resulting in a syllable that is perceived as being louder, longer in duration and higher in pitch; also known as word accent

Front 24

Stress Mark

Back 24

all words with 2 or more syllables have a stress mark, possibly a secondary stress mark

Front 25

Natural Phonology

Back 25

Stampe's theory that supports the idea that young children are born with innate processes necessary for the development of speech

Front 26

Syllablic Consonant

Back 26

A consonant that serves as the nucleus of a syllable

Front 27

Allograph

Back 27

Differing letter sequences that represent the same phoneme,
e.g. heat, key, reed

Front 28

Allophone

Back 28

variant production of a phoneme

Front 29

Grapheme

Back 29

A printed alphabet letter used in a representation of an allograph

Front 30

3 ways English spelling principles are different than the way the words are prononuced

Back 30

1. English sound system is not very well represented by Roman alphabet
2. One letter can have multiple sounds
3. Some letters are considered "silent" in some words.

Front 31

Digraph

Back 31

pair of letters that represent one sound; the letters may be the dame of different, e.g. look, think, ear

Front 32

Complementary Distribution

Back 32

refers to allophone production that is tied to a particular phonetic environment

Front 33

Free Variation

Back 33

refers to allophone production that is not tied to a particular phonetic environment

Front 34

Phonemic Transcription

Back 34

this type of transcription makes no attempt at transcribing allophonic variation, doesn't use diacritics

Front 35

Allophonic Transcription

Back 35

Transcription that requires a knowledge of the allophones associated with variations in speech production is necessary, uses diacritics to indicate sounds

Front 36

Impressionistic Transcription

Back 36

Used when nothing is known about the particular speech sound system prior to analysis, also used when you are transcribing a language that you are not familiar with

Front 37

Rhyme

Back 37

a syllable segment consisting of an obligatory nucleus ( usually a vowel) and an optional coda

Front 38

Open syllables

Back 38

Syllables that end with a vowel phoneme

Front 39

Closed Syllables

Back 39

Syllables that end with a consonant phoneme or coda