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10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Define contradictions in three ways |
1. Quantity and quality - all/some/none, is/is not 2. Both cannot be true, both cannot be false 3. All cats like yarn, some cats like yarn, some cats don't like yarn, no cats like yarn |
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Define argument, validity, and soundness |
Argument: uses premises to support conclusions Validity: an argument is valid if the premises logically support the conclusion Soundness: an argument is sound if it is valid and the premises are true |
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What is the first argument against material monism, and what are the three reasons for the minor premise |
Mjp: if the material world was eternal, it would be self maintaining Minp: the material world is not self maintaining - hot and cold interact until sameness is reached - the sun and all stars will burn out - there's not enough mass to pull everything together, and eventually the force pulling in will equal the force pulling outwards Con: the material world is not eternal |
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What is the second argument against material monism, and what is the reason for the minor premise? |
Mjp: if everything is matter, then thinking must be movement of atoms in the brain Minp: thinking is not movement of atoms in the brain - the properties of thought are not equivalent to the properties of motion Con: everything is not matter |
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What is the third argument against material monism, and what is the reason for the minor premise? |
Mjp: the most immediately known is the most certainly known Minp: the self is the most immediately known - our mental image of a table is the only visible thing shaped like a table, and the perceiver of the mental image is the self Con: self is the most immediately known |
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What are the ten points of the spiritual monist worldview |
Origin of cosmos: the one mind Origin of life: life is eternal, no origin Human equality: we are all one Human destiny: reincarnation Origin of thinking: the one mind The good: enlightenment Freedom: yes, in an ordinary sense, but not ultimately, because individuals don't exist Rationality: part of ordinary existence, but ultimately, reason must be transcended Political authority: part of the illusion that we need to go beyond Other religions: all religions are different paths to the one |
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What are the appeals and objections to reincarnation? |
1 App: Alternative to "when you're dead, you're dead" Obj: There are other alternatives 2. App: explains why things happen in terms of karma Obj: karma explains too much 3. App: a fair view - you suffer until you get it right, then stop suffering Obj: it is not fair to suffer for what is not clear 4. App: a hopeful view - there will be release Obj: no release - enlightenment is impossible - no unique events in an eternal process |
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What are the arguments against advaita vedanta |
1. Where does the illusion reside? Can't be in my mind, can't be in brahman 2. How can brahman be concealed? 3. How can the world be neither real, nor unreal, nor both, nor neither? 4. How can the world be neither positive, nor negative, nor both, nor neither? |
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What are the arguments against dvaita vedanta |
1. All the parts of the one are the same, finite - if all parts are finite, the whole cannot be infinite 2. All parts are the same, infinite - parts are incomplete, but infinite is compete, contradiction 3. All parts are not the same, some finite, some infinite - creator and creation rather than "all is one" |
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What is the argument that the material world exists |
Mjp: the cause of what I see must be my mind, another mind, or outside all minds - my mind - total control not total control, not my mind - another mind - no control not total control, not another mind Minp: not my mind, not another mind Con: the cause of what I see is outside all minds and really exists |
