Philosophy 100 Exam 1

Front 1

Arguments

Back 1

a series of statements, the last of which (the conclusion) supposedly follows from the preceding statements (the premises)

Front 2

Validity

Back 2

an argument is valid if its conclusion must be true if all of its premises are true.

Front 3

Soundness

Back 3

an argument is sound if it is valid and has all true premises

Front 4

Fallacies

Back 4

error of reason; denying the antecedent.
ex. : "If Julie is made of wood, then she weighs less than a duck. It's not the case that she is made of wood. Therefore, it is not the case that she weighs less than a duck."

Front 5

Steps in extracting an argument

Back 5

1. Find the conclusion
-deflate- put in clear literal words.
2. Find the main premise
-deflate
3. Fill in the remaining premises
-try to make it valid

Front 6

Logical Form: Modus Ponens

Back 6

1. P
2. If P, then Q
3. Therefore, Q

Front 7

Logical Form: Modus Tollens

Back 7

1. If P, then Q
2. Not Q
3. Therefore, not P

Front 8

Possibility

Back 8

What's possible is limited by logic, math, and what's conceptually coherent.

Front 9

Qualitative Identity

Back 9

X and Y are qualitatively identical: they share the same properties or qualities.

Front 10

Numerical Identity

Back 10

X and Y are numerically identical: they are the same object